Danka for Thank You, Bitteschön for Youre Welcome

Danka for Thank You, Bitteschà ¶n for You're Welcome Courtesy is important no matter what country youre visiting. In Germany, however, there is greater emphasis on formalities and speaking to people in die Hà ¶flichkeitsform:  addressing acquaintances, colleagues, and people you dont know with Sie as opposed to du/ you, which is reserved more for family and close friends.The same goes when expressing thank you and youre welcome in German. There is a more formal way and a less formal way of stating these expressions. Below you will find a list divided as such, however many expressions are fine in both situations since just simply stating thank you and youre welcome is polite in and of itself. The most important thing to keep in mind is to use Sie/Ihnen and du as appropriate. (Please note that the translations are not always literal, but rather an English equivalent.) More Formal Ways of Saying Thank You: Most common: Dankeschà ¶n, Danke sehr Other ways: Schà ¶nen Dank (Many thanks)Besten Dank (Best of thanks)Haben Sie vielen Dank! (Many thanks)Ich bin Ihnen sehr dankbar (Im very grateful/thankful to you)Ich danke Ihnen (I thank you)Herzlichen Dank (Heartfelt thanks)Ein herzliches Dankeschà ¶n (My/Our heartfelt thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks), Ich danke Ihnen vielmals Vielen Dank (Many thanks) Less Formal Ways of Saying Thank You DankeVielen Dank (Many thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks)Tausend Dank (Thanks a million) More Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitteschà ¶n Bitte sehrGern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Mit Vergnà ¼gen (With pleasure) Less Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitte Gern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Gern (shortened form of Gern geschehen)Nichts zu danken (Dont mention it.)Schon gut (Thats fine. No problem)Kein Problem (No problem) You may need some other words for polite conversation, including understanding how to say please in German.

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French French verbs tend to be a challenge for students. While the conjugations of  gagner  are rather common, remembering that it means to win or to earn is a bit more difficult. Yet, by the time youre done learning how to conjugate  gagner  to mean won or will earn, it will be implanted in your memory. Conjugating the French Verb  Gagner Gagner  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows a very common verb conjugation pattern. In fact, the majority of French verbs use the same endings youll learn here and that makes each new one just a little easier to remember. Whenever we begin a conjugation, its important to recognize the verb stem. In this case, its  gagn-. With that bit of knowledge, we can add a variety of endings that match both the subject pronoun and the tense of the sentence. For instance, I am winning is je gagne and we will win is nous gagnerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je gagne gagnerai gagnais tu gagnes gagneras gagnais il gagne gagnera gagnait nous gagnons gagnerons gagnions vous gagnez gagnerez gagniez ils gagnent gagneront gagnaient The Present Participle of  Gagner The  present participle  of  gagner  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem, giving us  gagnant. Its a very useful word that stretches beyond the verb usage. You may also find it helpful as an adjective, gerund, or noun. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common past tense form used in French. To construct it, begin by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  gagnà ©. For example, I won is jai gagnà © and we earned is nous avons gagnà ©. More Simple  Gagner  Conjugations to Learn While those forms of  gagner  are most important, there are a few more conjugations you should consider learning. In conversation, for instance, you can imply a degree of uncertainty or dependency by using either the subjunctive verb mood or the conditional. If you read a lot of French, you will encounter the passà © simple. Likewise, the imperfect  subjunctive is a literary tense and its a good idea to be able to recognize these. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je gagne gagnerais gagnai gagnasse tu gagnes gagnerais gagnas gagnasses il gagne gagnerait gagna gagnt nous gagnions gagnerions gagnmes gagnassions vous gagniez gagneriez gagntes gagnassiez ils gagnent gagneraient gagnrent gagnassent To use  gagner  in short statements, use the imperative form and skip the subject pronoun. Instead of tu gagne, use gagne alone. Imperative (tu) gagne (nous) gagnons (vous) gagnez

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two essay

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two questions - Essay Example By applying the inverse square law here, with an initial reading of 6300R at a distance of 1 foot, then at 3 foot after applying the inverse square law of radiation i.e. I=Io/r2, the Geiger Counter would show a reading of 700R. A unique characteristic of radioactive elements is that they continue to emit radioactive rays which causes them to decay. Time after which the number of atoms of a radioactive substance are reduced to half is known as Half-Life. The half-life of plutonium is around 87.7 years. So if Dr. Brown has 1.2 x 106 atoms of plutonium in 1985, we can calculate the number of atoms of plutonium after 352 years to be 74292.Plutonium-238 is a radioisotope which has an atomic number of 94. Now we know that the atomic number of an element identifies its protons and electron so the number of protons in Plutonium-239 is 94. Atomic weight of plutonium-238 is 238 and atomic weight is a sum of protons and neutron. So to find the number of neutrons we would have to subtract number of protons i.e. 94 from the atomic weight i.e. 238 and we would get 144 which is the number of neutrons in plutonium 238. Ans. Different levels of exposure to radiation have different effects on the human body for example, radiation levels of 10-50 cause nausea, vomiting and alters blood chemistry whereas levels higher than this such as 55-75 lead to nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue and weakness. When the level of radiation is increased at 90-100 the effects become a little dangerous such as hemorrhage. On further increase in the level of radiation such as 100-400, a person may even die with complications of severe hemorrhage. 1000 level of radiation would prove fatal with internal bleeding, rupture of the internal lining of the GIT, and would eventually cause death. CNS breakdown with destruction of neurons is observed on an exposure to the level of 2000 or more (epa.org). The incidents of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island in the years 1986 and 1979 provide us

Positive Psych Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Positive Psych - Essay Example In any sphere of performance, this would require the leader to assume accountability for his role, provide appropriate guidance and coaching, and immense motivation. Applying situational leadership to Wiegand and Geller’s (2005) predicament on positive reinforcement gives this argument a stronger base. For instance, Wiegand and Geller (2005) emphasize the need for learning-based focus, goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring, and persistence to attain personal mastery, an important indicator for positive reinforcement. By adopting situational leadership, the leader assumes both directive and supportive roles depending upon the situation and the individual. For a starter, the leader is more directive as well as supportive thus providing a direction; guiding the individual through the task, and providing feedback. For an established performer, the leader will have to delegate tasks, monitor and acknowledge his/her performance. In both situations, the leader is being effective in achieving desired outcomes. Secondly, Wiegand and Geller (2005) indicate the need for personal control through tasks, opportunities and involvement in order for individuals to be motivated coupled with consistent feedback (Wiegand and Geller, 2005). Situational leadership explains when and why tasks and opportunities may be given to individuals; these aspects are not explained in both style and contingency approaches. Thirdly, reduction in anxiety and fear of failure is also accomplished by adopting a supportive role by the leader based on situation, which will enhance achievement motivation in individuals. The style approach explains nature and behavior of the leaders, but with little emphasis on situations and also does not consider developmental level of the followers. Northouse (2009) indicates that the style approach is only descriptive of leadership behavior but does not prescribe what

Write the Short Essay on Places of Interest in Your Town Essay Example for Free

Write the Short Essay on Places of Interest in Your Town Essay The population of Kuala Lumpur is a unique and evenly balanced mixture of Malay, Chinese, Indian and sundry ethnicities. Conversations, manners and food throughout the city as well as the patience and insouciance to which travellers are exposed contain healthy doses of this cultural amalgamation. Batu Caves Kuala Lumpur is located approximately 11 kilometres to the north of Kuala Lumpur, Batu Caves is a limestone hill comprising three major caves and a number of smaller ones. Considered one of Kuala Lumpur’s most frequented tourist attractions, this 100-year-old temple features idols and statues erected inside the main caves and around it. Incorporated with interior limestone formations said to be around 400 million years old, the temple is considered an important religious landmark by Hindus. Central Market Kuala Lumpur located along Jalan Hang Kasturi – only a few minutes away from Petaling Street – is the renowned Central Market. Also known as Pasar Seni, this market is one of Kuala Lumpur’s most familiar landmarks as well as a popular tourist attraction. In the past it was a simple wet market yet today it is a permanent structure that houses all sorts of traders – you can find an assortment of merchandise here that ranges from handicrafts and souvenirs to authentic Malaysian batik prints. Chow Kit Market located at the northern end of Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit is acknowledged as one of Malaysia’s most infamous landmarks. Even though it may not be as well known by tourists in comparison to its starlet cousin, Petaling Street – which is located within the same area – it is definitely exciting although not for the faint hearted. Chow Kit is divided into two fairly detached halves. The first half is home to some of KL’s most sordid avenues while the other part plays host to a bazaar that is perhaps KL’s most popular. Istana Budaya is Malaysia’s National Theatre. Also known as The Palace of Culture, it towers over the National Art Gallery on Jalan Tun Razak. Built in 1999, it is the country’s main venue for local and international music, dance and drama performances, including operettas, classical concerts and more.

Juvenile Psychopaths :: Violent Crimes Teenagers Morals Essays

Juvenile Psychopaths What is the "super predator"? He or she are young hypercriminals who are committing acts of violence of unprecedented coldness and brutality. This newest phenomena in the world of crime is perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing society and law enforcement ever. While psychopaths are not new, this breed of super criminal exceeds the scope of psychopathic behavior. They are younger, more brutal, and completely unafraid of the law. While current research on the super predator is scarce, I will attempt to give an indication as to the reasons a child could become just such a monster. Violent teenage criminals are increasingly vicious. John DiIulio, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University, says that "The difference between the juvenile criminals of the 1950s and those of the 1970s and early 1980s was the difference between the Sharks and the Jets of West Side Story and the Bloods and the Crips. It is not inconceivable that the demographic surge of the next ten years will bring with it young criminals who make the Bloods and the Crips look tame." (10) They are what Professor DiIulio and others call urban "super predators"; young people, often from broken homes or so-called dysfunctional families, who commit murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and other violent acts. These emotionally damaged young people, often are the products of sexual or physical abuse. They live in an aimless and violent present; have no sense of the past and no hope for the future; they commit unspeakably brutal crimes against other people, often to gratify whatever urges or desires drive them at the moment and their utter lack of remorse is shocking.(9) Studies reveal that the major cause of violent crime is not poverty but family breakdown - specifically, the absence of a father in the household. Today, right now, one-fourth of all the children in the United States are living in fatherless homes - this adds up to 19 million children without fathers. Compared to children in two parent family homes, these children will be twice as likely to drop out of school, twice as likely to have children out of wedlock, and they stand more than three times the chance of ending up in poverty, and almost ten times more likely to commit violent crime and ending up in jail. (1) The Heritage Foundation - a Conservative think tank - reported that the rise in violent crime over the past 30 years runs directly

Geographic Factors

Geographical features are the components of the Earth. There are two types of geographical features, namely natural geographical features and artificial geographical features. Natural geographical features include but are not limited to landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, bodies of water, natural units (consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Meanwhile, human settlements, engineered constructs, etc. re types of artificial geographical features. Contents [hide] 1 Natural geographical features 1. 1 Ecosystems 1. 2 Landforms 2 Artificial geographical features 2. 1 Settlements 2. 2 Engineered constructs 3 Cartographical features 4 See also 5 References [edit]Natural geographical features [edit]Ecosystems Main article: Ecosystem â€Å"Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the â€Å"community†) in a given area the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i. e. exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem. â€Å"[1] Living organisms are continually engaged in a set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist, and â€Å"ecosystem† describes any situation where there is relationship between organisms and their environment. What makes them geographical features is that they are located A biome is a geographically defined area of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozonse, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. An ecosystem is also where animals live in biomes(Ocean, Deserts, Grasslands and so on) [edit]LandformsMain article: Landform A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms.A body of water is any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it may also include smaller pools of water such as ponds, puddles or wetlands. Rivers, streams, ca nals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are not always considered â€Å"bodies† of water, but are included here as geographical formations featuring water. [edit]Artificial geographical features edit]Settlements Main article: Human settlement A settlement is a permanent or temporary community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. The medieval settlement research group (a British organisation)[2] includes as part of a settlement, associated features such as roads, enclosures, field systems, boundary banks and ditches, ponds, parks and woods, mills, manor houses, moats and churches. edit]Engineered constructs Main articles: Construction engineering, Building, and Nonbuilding structure See also: Infrastructure Engineered geographic features such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservo irs, which are part of the anthroposphere because they are man-made, are artificial geographic features. [edit]Cartographical features Main articles: Cartography and MapCartographical features are a type of abstract geographical feature – they appear on maps but not on the planet itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, you can see the Equator on maps, but if you were actually standing on the Equator you wouldn't be able to see it, because it is an entirely theoretical line used for reference, navigation, and measurement. [edit]See also Geography Physical geography Human geography Landscape [edit]References ^ Odum EP (1234534971) of ecology, third editionSaunders New York ^ MSRG

Tragedy Designed by Fate

Tragedy Designed by Fate book report on Jude the Obscure †a book Written by Thomas Hardy in the 19th century, Jude the Obscure is a masterpiece known by the world. It tells a story of Jude Fawley, the hero, and Sue, the heroine. Jude Fawley, a village stonemason, was always dreaming of going to the Christminster, a city modeled after Oxford. He spared no efforts to study Latin and Greek by himself. Although he was looked down upon by many people, he was still full of passion and confidence and eager to become a scholar. But his two-year- arriage with Arabella, a superficial woman who abandoned him later was terrible.Then he left for Christminster to pursue his goal and met his cousin Sue, his true love in the meanwhile. However, Jude failed in career and love, which I think were both fate-designed cases. No matter how diligent he was, Jude was impossible to get higher education because of his working-class Identity. university was only available for the upper-class. And this un fair fact couldnt be changed. In the first chapter, Jude's teacher Phillotson told him that he could choose his future by hard-working nd attending the university. But on the contrast, it adds to the tragic feature.Compared with Arabella, Sue was a free-spirited and well-educated woman. Before she and Jude lived together, Sue also experienced an unsatisfying marriage with Phillotson. So they were both afraid of getting married because they thought that marriage might ruin their love. They raised three kids including Jude's elder son delivered by Arabella. However. at the same time. they were at the mercy of social bias for their illegal relationship. They constantly suffered unemployment and had to ove from town to town, seeking employment and housing.Happy life no longer existed when Jude's elder son killed the other children and hung himself. The son left behind a note which simply read, â€Å"Done because we are too many. † I was astonished when I read this plot. The socia l pressure and their miserable experience even turned an Innocent boy to blame himself. That was cruel. After that, Sue suffered miscarriage, changed sharply and turned to church. She regarded their Illegal marriage as the sin of their children's deaths. At last, Sue remarried Phillotson as a alvation and Jude was lured by Arabella again.Jude drowned himself in the alcohol and after one desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude became seriously ill, ending his life miserably. I think their tragic life was victim of the age when Christianity was of great power. With the strict social rules, they could hardly fight back. What they could do In difficulties was to listen to the god and walt to see what would happen. Those invisible forces were even able to transform a person who used to be intelligent, open-minded and passionate into a numb and dead-alive person. port on Jude the Obscure By shirley_zy68 —-a book report on Jude the Obscure †-a book higher education be cause of his working-class identity. University was only available for the upper-class. And this unfair fact couldn't be changed. In the first chapter, delivered by Arabella. However, at the same time, they were at the mercy of social turned an innocent boy to blame himself. That was cruel. After that, Sue suffered miscarriage, changed sharply and turned to church. She regarded their illegal back. What they could do in difficulties was to listen to the god and wait to see what

Women and Madness †exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. The WritePass Journal

Women and Madness – exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. Introduction Women and Madness – exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. IntroductionThe yellow wall paperThorazine ShuffleThe loony-bin trip Reference listRelated Introduction In this essay I discuss three pieces of writing by women, reflecting on their experiences of medical treatment. Dating from 1898 to 1999 they explore the concepts and realities of women diagnosed with mental illness. I will mostly focus on the content of the pieces although discuss the imagery and metaphor that is repeated in all. The first piece â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a work of semi autobiographical fiction, the other pieces â€Å"Thorazine shuffle† by Allie Light and â€Å"The Looney Bin trap† by Kate Millet are autobiographical accounts of episodes of care. I will discuss themes that reoccur through all pieces and contrast the differences experiences to build a picture of mental health care for women throughout these times. The yellow wall paper Written in 1892 by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"one of the most commanding feminists of her time† (Hedges 1973 :119) at a time it was rare for women to address sexual politics, Gilman makes the link between gender, insanity and patriarchy. Gilman was a prominent activist and writer on social reform including â€Å"Women and economics† (1898) an analysis of the situation of women and a theoretical treatise that argued that women were â€Å"subjugated by men, that motherhood should not preclude a women from working outside the home† (Gilman 1898). The yellow wallpaper is a short story written in epistolary style as a series of first person journal entries. The journal describes the narrator’s experience of isolation during a period of â€Å"rest cure† (Oppenheim 1991) for a â€Å"temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency† (Gilman : 33). Hysteria from the Greek hysteron for uterus, was a female condition defined as relating to femininity and female sexuality a once common mental diagnosis of the 19th century it is no longer used as a diagnostic category (Micale 1993). â€Å"Like all things feminine (hysteria) seemed elusive and enigmatic to a patriarchal medical profession and was resistant to male rationality† (Showalter 2007). A Neurologist and progressive thinker of the 19th century, Horatio Bryan Donkin, linked the complaint not just to females’ physicality but to her â€Å"social conditions†. Donkin also noted a high propensity for hysteria among unconventional women, namely writers and artist (Showalter :145.) In this period doctors linked female ambition to mental illness warning that â€Å"pursuits of new opportunities (in work and fulfilment) would lead to sickness, sterility and race suicide (Showalter :121). The tale describes the narrators gradual decent to madness. A feminist stance can and should be read into the novel considering the author; the themes of restriction and confinement echo the experiences of women of this time. Throughout the tale the narrator acts as prisoner, but a prisoner of her husband’s patriarchy not her own madness. Her husband forbids her to exercise her imagination in any way (Gilman: 34, 35, 36).   She rebels and, deprived of any other stimulation turns imagination on to neutral objects in an attempt to ignore her increasing frustrations (Gilman: 34). Her preoccupation with the paper begins at first with dislike of the pattern, building to her seeing the pattern as bars with a creeping skulking female figure behind (Gilman: 40).   Her negativity colours all she describes, â€Å"I never saw a worse paper in all my life†¦ (its sprawling pattern) committing every artistic sin†. The idea of sin is pertinent, as is her description of the pa pers colour as â€Å"repellent, unclean yellow† a â€Å"sickly sulphur†Ã‚   (Gilman:35). These themes of illness, un-cleanliness and unnaturalness echo ideas of blame and questions of morality with pervaded the culture at this time.   She reflects John makes her angry (Gilman: 34), and attributes this to her condition. She speaks of the effort it takes to dress or entertain, she blames herself saying she wishes she could help John (to make her better). She reflects John doesn’t know how much she suffers, simply that he knows there is â€Å"no reason and that this satisfies him† (Gilman:35). Our narrator is intelligent and educated, she knows a â€Å"little of design† (Gilman:39). Frustrated by her lack of intellectual stimulation (Gilman :36), she is excited by the paper watching it gives her something to look forward to. John says she is getting better despite the paper (Gilman: 42) she doesn’t tell him she feels it’s because of the paper (Gilman: 43) for she fears he will take this away from it.   This seems to suggest that life outside the room is equally if not more dull than it is now inside with her preoccupation. The more the wallpaper occupies her, the more reality retreats. Her dissociation begins as she starts to hide her true feelings from the real world. Gilman was sent home after a month of rest treatment with instruction never touch a pen, brush or pencil as long as you live (Knight: 323). We see this element to the cure in John’s insistence that she doesn’t write. We see also the prevailing theory of the time in Jennie â€Å"a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession†¦she thinks it is the writing which makes me sick!† (Gilman: 37). The idea of writing as therapy the narrator offers â€Å"I think only if I was well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me† (Gilman: 36) opposes prevailing medical belief that linked female ambition to mental illness (Showalter :121). At this time psychiatrists were concerned with a moral cure for hysteria. Victorian Psychiatrist Henry Maudsley said â€Å"there is sex in mind as distinctly as there is sex in body†.   The pervading thought at this time was that Mental illness would come if women tried to defy their â€Å"nature† and try to act as equal to men in society rather than as companions.   Dr Edward C. Mann wrote in a medical journal in 1980 â€Å"The mental condition of women with hysteria is somewhat peculiar. The patient, when the hysterical feelings come upon her, does not feel disposed to make the slightest effort to resist them, and yields to her emotions, whatever they may be†¦she cares nothing for her duties and seemingly takes pleasure in exaggerating all her slight discomforts and annoyances, and be her suspicious exacting and unreasonable behaviour makes life generally uncomfortable to those about her.†(Shannonhouse: XIII). Through illness the narrator is absolved of her obligations but as punishment or moral reminder of her duties she is placed in the nursery. Here, with little other stimulation, she becomes fixated on the wallpaper beginning with dislike for its appearance, moving from identifying secret meaning it its pattern to being excited by its hidden world. Considering Gilman’s feminist ideals, her experiences of mental illness and her understanding of the cause of this, as well as her experience of receiving the â€Å"rest cure† we can read the creeping woman (Gilman:40) in the paper as allegory for woman’s place in society. The bars she sees in the paper (Gilman: 42) being representative of the constraints of society and marriage (Gilman 1935:5) The narrators husband John also her physician treats her not as his wife but as patient and as child; we see this in his language to her â€Å"blessed little goose† (Gilman: 36) â€Å"What is it little girl†¦Bless her little heart!she shall be as sick as she pleases!† (Gilman: 37). Of all the rooms in the house it is the former nursery she is confined to despite her protests. The narrator speaks early on status of their marriage, immediately seeking to place this in context of social norm â€Å"John laughs at me of course, but one expects that in marriage† (Gilman :32). The narrator suggests that John as physician is the reason she does not make a quick recovery (Gilman: 33). In this way both author and narrator demonstrate insight to female mental illness and to the role that both patriarchy and medicine play.   Today a prominent part of the treatment of the mentally ill is socialisation and integration with daily activities not isolation. Gilman shows us the separation of the narrators’ consciousness in her secret journal as the story moves gradually towards climax, from the first mention of the wall paper until it builds to consume her thoughts and writing. Through her sickness the narrator is relinquished of her own parental and marital responsibilities. â€Å"Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous.†(Gilman:35). The narrator struggles to not creep and to maintain her independence and autonomy, however the weight of guilt she experiences at neglecting her moral obligations as â€Å"he said I was letting it get the better of me and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies† (Gilman: 35) coupled with   the punishment of isolation slowly drives her mad.   Gilman herself accredited her illness to marriage and motherhood (Gilman 1935). We can read the narrators madness as a choice, she chooses madness over returning to her obligation but in this choice we can hear Gilman’s critique of women’s’ options at this time -Madness or compliance.   In her autobiography Gilman says she sent a copy to Weir Mitchell, who chose not to comment she later learned however that he had revised his treatment (Gilman 1935). Thorazine Shuffle Written in 1999 Light reflects on her treatment in a mental institution 1963, she says â€Å"I was twenty seven when I began having the blues, not feeling in control of my life. I needed help with my children. I was afraid I didn’t know how to be a mother†.   The theme of motherhood, and expected role are echoed here from the previous piece as is the authors fixations with descriptions of light â€Å"the particular slant of the light†¦the quality of late afternoon light†¦refracted on walls† (Light: 168) we can compare this to the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper preoccupations with light â€Å"you can only see it in certain lights† (Gilman: 38) â€Å"when the cross light fades and the low sun shines directly† (Gilman: 39).   â€Å"I watch for that first long, straight ray† (Gilman: 42). Also, her desire to set her belongings on fire (Light: 168) is again echoed in yellow wallpaper â€Å"I thought seriously of burning the houseà ¢â‚¬  (Gilman: 44). Light like Gilman, tells how in illness her morality is called into question. She describes how her first meeting with her male psychiatrist involves her naked in a gown on a bed and him asking her questions of a sexual nature â€Å"do you like kissing your husband’s penis?† (:169) She reflects there was no right answer to this question, both called her nature into repute, either â€Å"frigid or a whore† (Light: 169). She describes her embarrassment and her shame. Here we see that a woman questioning her place in patriarchal systems is still a consideration in diagnosing female mental illness. Within the ward itself Light describes a war, between the depressives and the manic patients â€Å"two battling armies† (169). She describes the sphere of influence within the Hospital as feudal system; the choice of language paints a vivid picture. â€Å"Langley Porter was a serfdom. Doctors came as trainees and we became their property†¦even as these potentates profited from the shambles of our lives we trusted them† (171). The language shows the divide between practitioner and patient and the authority of the former. â€Å"Potentates profited† – the power relationship is reinforced by the alliteration and the choice of words; Potentates – people with power and authority -who don’t simple make a living but profit from their patients. The word serfdom creates an image of the hospital as farm with patients as dumb animals to be worked and sold. â€Å"I was given to Dr. Schwartz† (171), again the passivity is shown in the language, given to not assign to. The author uses the language of child or victim, a supplicant powerless to affect change.   â€Å"if I behaved myself I could sleep at home†.(171)   â€Å"Our contract began with the removal of clothes†(171). The use of â€Å"contract† suggests a business transaction; the passivity of the statement seems to reflect a blunting of emotion in the face of the oppressive environment. The imagery has a sexualised overtone. â€Å"I had entered a kindergarten of managed play†¦the physical therapist pressed upon us the need to practice looking beautiful† again the merging of ideas of childlike helplessness and adult sexuality. â€Å"With our uncombed hair and unfocused vision, we sleep walked the corridors with books on our heads to improve out posture†. The idea that this is a legitimate treatment feels preposterous in light of modern treatment. Themes of gender, responsibility and obligation of the earlier piece are echoed here. Even in chaos the obligation to be thought beautiful and to work towards this goal. â€Å"There is no way a patient, using her own words, can logically convince a doctor that she knows something about her person. He has to see for himself and then, if the patient doesn’t die, she might have won her point.† The helplessness is overwhelming. The author says â€Å"patient† but her use of â€Å"her own words†¦her point† add to the argument that it is woman as patient, female as supplicant to male the social norm in a patriarchal society which psychiatry still was at this time. â€Å"He said I would feel better if I looked at him†¦ I obeyed Dr Schwartz. I wanted to be a good girl†¦so I would do whatever that entailedI often told Dr Schwartz that I needed something in my life†¦Something of my own†¦I wanted to go to school†¦his reply was â€Å"if you can’t stay home and look after your children, then get a job. Don’t waste everyone’s time by going to college†. Experienced 64 years after the writing of Yellow Wallpaper the idea as female as equal and deserving of education and experience is still seen as dismissible. The loony-bin trip In Millet’s account her first description a treatment and of oppression comes from a woman â€Å"tonight big nurse found me out†¦her instinct grabbed for me†¦and found the pill still in my cheek. I could confront or swallow. I decided to confront† (Millet :98). Hers is the most recent account of admission and her opponent female, perhaps this is what leads her to confront her treatment openly, unlike her counterparts. Her opposition is no good however, she is medicated. Here again we see women as powerless â€Å"Ann’s husband put her here, Mary’s in-laws, Margaret’s own mother† (100) although this time other women are complaisant in this forced incarceration and treatment. A female nurse â€Å"†¦who treat us as defective children†¦more like convicted felons† (99) administers medication. Millet talks of â€Å"being in the hard lock of Dr.Strong forever† (103). The patriarchy she feels suppresses her is religious â€Å"You are in the hands of the church you ran away from†¦despite the presence of state it is Rome that has you prisoner†¦you little American freedom fighter business quite over, women’s lib and other notions crunched like cellophane† ( 103). â€Å"Joan of Arc, a heretic. Every night I will be tortured thus†¦they will inoculate me with this horror†¦our great sad room of waking women, each a prisoner of her mind and body.† (104). Millet born 1934 is an American feminist writer and activist. Best known for her 1970 book â€Å"Sexual Politics†, she won a trial to prove her sanity and changed the state of Minnesota commitment law (Time 1970). Although in this age, 1970 women fight against their oppression â€Å"After a certain time many victims collapse and agree to be crazy; they surrender.† (Millet: 100). This new treatment environment is as toxic as the rest cure Millet describes it as â€Å"an irrational deprivation of every human need† asking if the cure for madness is fear and if the fear of being a captive might motivate recovery (101). Sleep is a reoccurring theme of all three pieces. Gilman’s physician wants the protagonist to get more of it, Light describes how â€Å"I was put to sleep† (Light:169) Millet recounts â€Å"I won’t need anything to sleep. No, really. No. And the needle jabs your rear like an insult and the white stupor comes over†(Millet :102). Both light and Millet describe how â€Å"a mental patient was not allowed to refuse medication. We were warned to take it orally or it will be injected† (Light: 172). This theme of women as defective or broken, for arguing with oppression and wanting different experiences from their lives reoccurs though all three accounts. Hard to fathom treatments with illogical cures acting to reprogram women to â€Å"behave† by fear and boredom appears in all,   As the ideas of childlike powerlessness and of being property are also repeated.  Ã‚   â€Å"there have always been those who argue women’s high rate of mental disorder is a product of their social situations, their confining roles as daughters, wives and mothers and their mistreatment by a male dominated and possibly misogynistic psychiatric profession† (Showalter:3). Depression and anxiety are twice as prevalent in women as in men (Busfield 1996) and inequalities of gender create dependence and powerlessness in women. Because relationships between patients and staff reflect those in society the work force is often blind to inequality (DH 2002) and this is clearly highlighted in the suffocating treatment all three women experience. â€Å"There are differences in the family and social context of women’s and men’s lives†¦mental health care must be responsive to these differences† (Jacqui Smith, minister of mental health; department of health 2002). Light tells us she comes from a line of depressives, passed down through the female line and again reiterates the connections between motherhood and depression. Light reflects on the history of depression on the female side of her family â€Å"My grandmother gave birth to nine children†¦her despair at perpetual pregnancy was contagious†¦My mother was a small girl when her mother tried to hang herself from the kitchen rafters. Pregnant again†. Her mother’s favourite bed time story was about a little girl afraid of being stolen from her bed, the mother promises the girl will be safe but the girl is still stolen. The learned helplessness in their situations is passed down with each generation.   The author reflects that all the stories her mother told her were about the consequences of looking, Blue beards wife looks it the locked room and seals her fate to join the dead wives there. Psyche looks at her lover after being bidden to love in the dark and loses him to death. In reality they are all about the consequences of defying patriarchal dictate. Gilman , writing at a time when it was uncommon for women to have a voice, as an active feminist who divorced she still had to adhere to the confines of her society, her story then is a cautionary tale against women’s madness, its roots and its treatments. In all accounts relatives exist as diminished characters over powered by the protagonists madness, this overpowering seems to be a release from the pressures and constraints all three women feel in their lives. Reference list Busfield,J., 1996 Men, Women and Madness Understanding Gender and mental disorder. London :Macmillian Press Ltd Chesler, P., 1997. (3rd ed) Women and madness. New York: Fall Walls Eight Windows Department of health (2002) Womens mental health : into the mainstream accessed at dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4075487.pdf   On 31/3/11 Hedges. E,R., 1973 Afterword. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: The Feminist Press Knight, D,D,. 1994 The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia Light, A., 1999 â€Å"Thorazine Shuffle†   in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Micale, M.S., 1993 On the â€Å"Disappearance† of hysteria: A Study in the Clinical Deconstruction of Diagnosis .The history of Science Society. ISIS. 84:496-526 Millet, K., 1990 The Loony-Bin Trip in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Oppenheim, J,. 1991 Shattered Nerves: Doctors, Patients and Depression in Victorian England. Oxford: Oxford University Press Perkins Gilman, C., 1891 The Yellow Wallpaper.in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Perkins Gilman, C., 1898 Women and economics. New York: Cosmobooks Perkins Gilman, C.,1935   The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography. (3rd Ed) London: The University of Wisconsin Press Shannonhouse. R. (ed) ,2000 Out of her Mind : women writing on madness. New York: The Modern Library. Showalter, E., 2007 The Female Malady- Women, Madness and English Culture 1830- 1980. London: Virago Press Time magazine, 1970 The liberation of Kate Millet. Accessed on 31.3.11 @ time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876784-1,00.html

Bobs Your Uncle!

Bobs Your Uncle! Bobs Your Uncle! Bobs Your Uncle! By Maeve Maddox An expression I learned to love during the time I lived in England was Bobs your uncle! Thanks to international sports events, the saying is better known in the States now than it used to be. You tack it onto a set of instructions that are meant to lead to an easy solution: Question: How do I make this work? Answer: Put Tab A into Tab B, turn this little screw, and Bobs your uncle! Question: Can you direct me to the Green Man? Answer: Carry on to the corner, turn right, go past the greengrocers, turn right again, and Bobs your uncle! The expressions origin is shrouded in mystery. A frequent explanation cites the nepotism of British Prime Minister Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury, who appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour to the post of Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1887. The idea is that if your uncle happens to be the Prime Minister, anything is easy. The difficulty with this explanation is that the earliest known use of the phrase Bobs your uncle is from 1932. Another possibility offered is that it may derive from 18th thieves slang: all is bob, meaning all is safe. The Phrase Finder suggests that a music hall song published in 1931 may have been the source: Bobs your uncle Follow your Uncle Bob He knows what to do Hell look after you I think its more likely that the song derived from the saying. Well probably never discover the origin of this delightful expression. Its lack of discernible sense suggests an origin in the folk etymology that causes a misheard foreign word or phrase to dwindle into pronounceable English nonsense. For example: hocus-pocus: a scrambled version of Latin Hoc est corpus meum, this is my body, words from the Catholic Mass kickshaw: English approximation of French quelque chose, something (A kickshaw is a doodad, a whatnot, a thingamajig, a something or other.) Smackover: Arkansas place name thought to be from French chemin couvert, covered way love: tennis score notation (meaning zero), from French loeuf, egg (the shape of a zero resembles that of an egg) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms15 Idioms for Periods of Time

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar Article

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar - Article Example According to Hofstede (2010), culture refers to the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others. The culture of one country is distinguished from the other countries using the values of dimensions of the national cultures. She illustrated that power distance is a situation where there are differences in power holding in society. Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept the unequal distributed power. This power distance may be experienced in Kuwait, and she gave an example of marriage and relationship and divorce in family structures. In every family in Kuwait, every member of the family knows the extent of power that one holds in that family. In the contribution, I suggested that the society’s level of power inequality is endorsed by the followers and leaders in the Kuwait society. She also talked about the individualism and collectivism as a value that distinguishes Kuwait from other countries. She illustrated that the wealth effect has produced some form of individualism and it is evident in the new generation. I concur with her because individualism is the degree to which individuals are not integrated into groups and their ties within the society are loose while collectivism is the situation where the society is integrated into strong, cohesive groups. I contributed by saying that in Kuwait everyone is expected to care for themselves including immediate family which is mostly experienced in the new generation while in the old generation people were expected to protect each other in the society. She gave an example of collectivism using the old generations like parents and grandparents who are close to each other thus in a long time ago the extended families lived together.