Monday, September 30, 2019

Modernisation and emotional maturity

In modern society, education alone can provide the most dependable and the most effective apparatus for accelerating growth and development in all spheres of human austerity. Now we live in the technological era. The technology of 21st Century has revolutionized and enhanced our way of life. The public expects technology to have a similar revolutionary effect on education.Energy technologies and resulting globalization also provide unlimited possibilities for exciting new discoveries and developments such as new forms of energy, medical advances restoration of environmentally ravaged areas, communication and exploration into space and into the depth of the oceans. From the beginning of life till now life has been changing. Change is the law of nature, and changes in Society are always taking place. At times these changes are slow. Sometime they are so slow that people do not even perceive them.However, there are times when they are also rapid and drastic. All spheres of living things are changing. The word modernization is derived from Latin word ‘mood' means modern. Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a ‘pre-modern' or ‘traditional' to a ‘modern' society. Modernization as a form of cultural response attributes which are basically universalistic and evolutionary. Modernization is generally regarded as a process of change-change of traditional Society into a Society based on Science and technology.Modernization refers to a model of a progressive transition from a ‘pre-modern' or ‘traditional' to a ‘modern' society. Modernization can best be defined as the process of transforming the old traditional society and nations to the modernity in the fields of social, economic, industrial, technological, political, cultural and educational advancement. Heraclites as beautifully laid down that it is impossible for a man to step into the same river twice. It is so because in the interval of time between the first and the second stepping both the river and the man have changed their positions.In the words of Moore, † modernization as a revolutionary change leading to transformation of a traditional society into an advanced, economically prosperous and relatively politically stable society. † Toward consider modernization as â€Å"the transformations in attitudes, institutions, and ideologies that are associated with processes such as arbitration and industrialization. â€Å"There is nothing more permanent than change. † Modernization is not westernizes purely. The modernized society believes in co- existence, co-operation and compromise rather than in competition and conflict.Modernization can be achieved only by improving and extending education. Again education, both the formal and informal is a means of communication. The transmission of meaning has important functions like colonization, surveillance, consensus building, raising expectations, focusing attenti on, broadening mental horizons, creating new attitudes, and values arousing interest in innovation, teaching kills, and encouraging experimentation. Each of these functions has relevance for programmer of modernization. Hence, the formal education if imaginatively and purposefully employed can be a powerful instrument of Modernization.The education today is linked with development. Education is the main agency for the development of attitudes, interests and values and the teacher is its main agent. The class consists of different types of students and they differ in their interest, ‘Q, attitude, achievement etc. Some students change with the changing time, some don't. There are certain causes behind this kind of difference in attitude. Emotions are important in our lives. Our emotions have the potential to serve us as a delicate and sophisticated interval guidance system.In the present circumstances, youth as well as children are facing difficulties in life. These difficulties are giving rise to many psychosomatic problems such as anxiety, tensions, frustrations and emotional upsets in day to day life. So, the study of emotional life is now emerging as a descriptive science. It deals with interplay of forces with intensities and quantities. Emotional maturity is not only the effective determinant of personality pattern, but it also helps o control the growth of adolescent's development.The concept ‘Mature' emotional behavior of any level is that which reflects the fruits of normal emotional development. A person who is able to keep his emotions under control, which is able to break delay and to suffer without self-pity, might still be emotionally stunned and childish. According to Walter et al. (1976), emotional maturity is a process in which the personality is continuously striving for â€Å"greater sense of emotional health, both intra-psychically and intra personality. † Emotional stability is one of the seventh important indicators of me ntal health.It simply means being grown up so that one may be able to personally manage his/her desires and feelings and may be better able to cope up the adverse life situations in a most befitting and socially approved manner. The most outstanding mark of emotional maturity is ability to bear tension. Life is becoming fast with the advancement of science and technology. Though man has conquered time and space to a great extent by the present level of scientific advancement, yet there is great threat to his existence.The Indian society is becoming increasingly materialistic. Emotional pressure is increasing day by day specially at higher secondary school stage. Unrest, anxiety and frustrations are occurring in all the spheres of life. Parents have no time to spend and guide their children. Students are frequently troubled with their daily problems because they do not have the capacity and training to solve problems. Our educational system also provides no direction to the children. Citizens of tomorrow are children attending today's schools.Those children in their capacity of being the future administrators, engineers, doctors and last but not least the citizens of the country must be brought p in a way worthy of the obligations which they owe to their community and their country at large. They should normally possess the best physical and mental health for performing their duties. But unless something is done to help the child, he will continue to suffer from anxiety due to heavy work load. Due to high anxiety, child develops certain personality traits which inhibit his proper physical, emotional and social development.All these factors add to emotional tensions of the child and make him an unbalanced personality. In later years, such a child because of his under plopped personality becomes a burden for the society in one form or the other. In this modern world of science and technology, nothing but change is eternal. This generation of ours, lives at the me rcy of science and technology. It is believed that science based technology is the ‘column bunkum' of our life. Moreover, there is a lot of competition in every walk of life. Here Darning's law of survival of the fittest is truly valid.Only those who succeed can survive. This rapid change in man's life due to advancement in scientific technology has made man's life easy and comfortable but t the same time has created many complexities too. Apparently, man appears to be happy but internally, he is full of conflicts. Parents and educational institutions pressurize the children to excel in academics and other areas of performance. There are several things one may feel like doing because of his emotions but emotional maturity will keep him doing the right thing and may even help him to remain calm in the most difficult situations.Emotional maturity is the ability to differentiate and properly identify one's emotions while granting himself the freedom to experience whatever emotion is appropriate to a given situation. Adolescence is the most crucial and significant period of an individual's life. It is a period of rapid revolutionary changes in the individual's physical, mental, moral, spiritual, sexual and social outlook. It is a period to learn new things, and it is a period of anxieties, worries, conflicts, complexities, and ambitions. Adolescence is the period of heightened emotionality.It is the most demanding period in one's life- a period of storm and stress because accurate portrayal of self to others, which is an identifying criterion of healthy personality, is in the process of establishment during this period. The present study is on modernization and emotional maturity of higher secondary students. The study attempts to analyze the various aspects of modernization and emotional maturity among higher secondary students. The end of the twentieth century and beginning of the twenty first century have seen an unprecedented upsurge in activities revolv ing around the teenage adolescence students.It is the dire need of the hour that as teenage adolescence students we should have proper emotional development to rightly use our human emotions. So our minds have something vital to do with our emotions and we should have a self concept to control our emotions with the mind! But our emotions need to be understood, taught, trained and controlled by the mind! Emotional maturity moves beyond intelligence to a higher state of consciousness, guided by what one senses, feels and intuits, and one's heart. Modernization and Emotional maturity is a tool for promoting students' mental health and personality.The specific needs for identifying these phenomena of Emotional Maturity and modernization are natural and inevitable outcome of student growth and development rather than among pathological symptom. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals. As the dents are the pillars of the future generations their value patte rn and emotional maturity are vital. So the present study intends to measure the emotional maturity and modernization level of the Higher Secondary school students. Citizens of tomorrow are children attending today's schools.Those children in their capacity of being the future administrators, engineers, doctors and last but not least the citizens of the country must be brought up in a way worthy of the obligations which they owe to their community and their country at large. They should normally possess the best physical and mental health for performing their duties. But unless something is done to help the child, he will continue to suffer from anxiety due to heavy work load. Due to high anxiety, child develops certain personality traits which inhibit his proper physical, emotional and social development.All these factors add to emotional tensions of the child and make him an unbalanced personality. In later years, such a child because of his under developed personality becomes a b urden for the society in one form or the other. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals and the development of education is depending to the level of modernization. As the students are the pillars of the future generations their modernization and Emotional maturity are vital ones.So the present study intends to measure the Modernization tenets and Emotional Maturity of Higher Secondary school students. The study will help and guide teachers and parents in taking necessary steps to develop psychological attitude of the pupils in proper lines. Schools are an important place where children have contacts with their peers, form friendship, and participate in social groups and with other children. As children grow from infancy through adolescence, peers are increasingly important in their lives. Their interactions become more complex with age.In adolescence peer relationships affect whole personality. The specific needs for identifying these phenomena of Em otional Maturity and modernization are natural and inevitable outcome of student growth and development rather than among pathological symptom. The Emotional maturity becomes important in the behavior of individuals. As the students are the pillars of the future generations their value pattern of Emotional Maturity are vital. For all these reasons this study on the Emotional Maturity and modernization level of Higher Secondary school students is relevant and is a need of the time.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Mount athos

Mount Athosis a mountain on the peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of northern Greece, called in Greek Agion Oros transliterated frequently as Hagion Oros, or in English, â€Å" Holy Mountain † . It is a topographic point of 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and is good known for the fact that it is a self-governed cloistered province of the sanctum mountain. The lone manner one can see the mountain is by boat. Merely males are allowed to see and are required to hold a particular entryway license. If one wants to populate in the â€Å" Garden of the Virgin † he should be portion of the Eastern Orthodox Church and must be over 18 old ages old. However, there are non merely Christians that live on saddle horse Athos. There are besides a figure of Albanians who besides work on the Holy mointain. There are guards that keep the order, constabulary and Coast Guard that besides observe the order on the mountain. There presence is really discreet. The 20 monasteries are:Megistis Lavras monasteryVatopediou monasteryIviron monastery – built by GeorgiansHelandariou monastery – SerbianDionysiou monasteryoutloumousiou monasteryPantokratoros monasteryXiropotamou monasteryZografou monastery – BulgarianDochiariou monasteryKarakalou monasteryFilotheou monasterySimonos Petras monasteryAgiou Pavlou monasteryStavronikita monasteryXenophontos monasteryOsiou Grigoriou monasteryEsphigmenou monasteryAgiou Panteleimonos monastery – RussianKonstamonitou monasteryHowever I am traveling to speak about 5 of them. The first 1 is the monastery of Great Lavra.It is the first monastery built on Mount Athos. . It is found by Athanasius in AD 963. Athanasius, began the building of the edifices in 963, harmonizing to the will of his friend and Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas who funded the undertaking. Nikephoros had promised Athanasius that he would shortly became a monastic. However, he died before he could maintain his promise. The emperors gave the monastery many lands of belongings including the island of Saint Eustratius and the Monastery of Saint Andreas in Thessaloniki.. In 1655, the Patriarch Dionysios III, who besides became a monastic, donated all his luck to Great Lavra..Treasures found in Lavre Monastery:The library of the monastery is located behind the chief church. It contains 2,116 Grecian manuscripts and 165 codices. Among them manuscripts of the New Testament: Codex Coislinianus, Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 049, Uncial 0167, and small letters 1073, 1505, 2524, 1519. This aggregation is one of the richest aggregations of Grecian manuscripts in the universe. Some of the most of import artifacts found in the vestry are a manuscript of a Gospel with a aureate screen. This is a gift from Nikephoros II Phokas. Hilandar Monasteryis a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the Serbian Saint Sava and his male parent, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja. It is called â€Å" The Serbian monastery † because its laminitiss are Serbs and first monastics were besides Serbes.. . Hilandar does non hold an archimandrite, but an under-abbot. The Mother of God through her Icon of Three Hands ( Trojerucica ) , is considered as the mother superior. Two mediaeval Bulgarian royal charters, the Virgino Charter and the Oryahov Charter, have been found in Hilandar ‘s library. After the autumn of Serbia and Bulgaria under Ottoman regulation, the inflow of Serbian monastics decreased at the disbursal of Bulgarians. From the 17th to the nineteenth century, Hilandar was preponderantly Bulgarian-populated: in his history of 1745, the Russian pilgrim Vasily Barsky writes that the monastics of Hilandar were all Bulgarians. Ilarion Makariopolski, Sophronius of Vratsa and Matey Preobrazhenski have all lived at that place, and it was in this monastery that Saint Paisius of Hilendar began his radical Slavonic-Bulgarian History. TheSaint George the ZograforZograf Monasteryis a Bulgarian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos ( the â€Å" Holy Mountain † ) in Greece. It was founded in the late 9th or early tenth century by three Bulgarians from Ohrid. It is inhabited by Bulgarian Orthodox monastics. The monastery ‘s name is derived from a 13th or fourteenth century icon of Saint George that is believed to hold non been painted by a human manus ( zograf ( os ) in Grecian agencies â€Å" painter † ( from zoe= † life † and grafos= † Scribe † ) and to possess wonder-working powers. The earliest written grounds of the monastery ‘s being day of the months from 980. Since it was the lone Bulgarian Monastery on Mount Athos the Bulgarian swayers supported it. The Zograf Monastery has besides received land gifts by Byzantine ( the first giver being Leo VI the Wise ) , Serbian, and Rumanian swayers. The Zograf Monastery ‘s library is of a major importance to the Bulgarian civilization. It preserves mediaeval manuscripts such as a fifteenth century transcript of the passional of Saint Naum of Ohrid, the 14th-century passional of Saint Paraskevi, the original unsmooth transcript of Paisius of Hilendar ‘s Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya and the History of Zograf. There can besides be found 388 manuscripts in Slavic and 126 In Greek.. Two medieval Bulgarian royal charters, the Zograf Charter and the Rila Charter, have been discovered in the monastery ‘s library. Stavronika monastery is an Eastern Orthodox monastery at the cloistered province of Mount Athos in Greece, dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The monastery keeps a widely known fourteenth century icon of Saint Nicholas, known as â€Å" Streidas † because when it was by chance discovered at the underside of the sea, an oyster had stuck at the brow of St. Nicholas. Harmonizing to the myth, when the monastics of Stavronikita removed the oyster, the saint ‘s brow bled. Stavronikita has a aggregation of many sanctums relics.. The monastery has a aggregation of 171 manuscripts, out of which 58 are written on parchment. Some of the manuscripts bear noteworthy iconography and ornament. St. Panteleimon Monasteryis a Russian Orthodox monastery built on the south-west side of the peninsula of Mt. Athos in Greece. It is the largest of the 20 monasteries on the Holy mountain.. The monastery was founded by several monastics from Kiev Rus in the eleventh century. That ‘s why it is known as ‘Rossikon ‘ , and traditionally it was inhabited by Kiev and subsequently by Russian Orthodox monastics. It was recognized as a separate monastery in 1169. The monastery prospered in the 16th and 17th centuries because it was extravagantly sponsored by the Tsars of Moscovy. It declined dramatically in the eighteenth century to the point that there were merely two Russian and two Bulgarian monastics left by 1730. The library contains 1,320 Grecian manuscripts and another 600 Slavonic 1s, every bit good as 25,000 printed books. In add-on, the library has a few priceless relics, such as the caput of Saint Panteleimon, one of the most popular saints in Russia.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

ANEMIA Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ANEMIA - Assignment Example Iron deficiency anemia is triggered by failure in blood cell production. The proper management plan will be based in correcting the issue as well as replenishing iron stores. This is done by the prescription of oral iron therapy, activity restriction, and diet adjustment. The patient must be given iron supplementation and in instances where oral preparations cannot be tolerated, parenteral iron may be used. In cases or oral iron therapy, ferrous sulfate is the best iron salt to be administered. Oral iron must be continued until three months after the iron deficiency has been corrected; this aims at replenishing the stores. Analysis of the patient’s diet reveals the diet may have contributed to her condition. The proper management plan for dietary adjustment is counseling the patient on their consumption and development of a meal plan. This means the patient must start consuming meals rich in iron and folic acid, i.e. spinach, broccoli, kidney beans, whole grains, asparagus, an d broccoli. In addition, the patient has to be advised to increase her vitamin B12 intake. Restriction of activity is necessary for this patient based on the fact that she exercises intensely. Therefore, she ought to limit her activities until she is well. The hemoglobin level of the patient has to be monitored at intervals. This is part of the follow up procedure (Brashers,

Friday, September 27, 2019

National Income Determination Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

National Income Determination - Assignment Example One economist argued that confidence in economic agents could at times be considered as a social capital (Godley, 2009). Therefore, an increase in confidence of economic agents should always affect the macroeconomic variables positively. Consumer confidence – a higher confidence by the consumers will always facilitate them to spend more. Interest rates – it always influence cost of borrowing and mortgage interest payments. Higher interest rates will automatically increase cost of spending on mortgages. Availability of market – the increase in population constantly increases the demand for products that are specifically supporting the modern technology. Investors therefore identify such opportunities and utilize them effectively. Consumer and investor trend reports will automatically affect my spending. This is because i will spend focusing on factors that may hinder my satisfaction as a consumer. I will therefore appropriately plan with the amount of money I have at hand. GDP refers to the measure of total value of all goods produced and services provided in a country during a specific time, which is always one year. For an item to be included in the GDP, it has to be something that is produced within the borders of a country, should not be used to produce other goods and it should be legal. The exclusion therefore does not make GDP less

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Petit Verdot - Red Wine Grape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Petit Verdot - Red Wine Grape - Essay Example The distinct nature of this wine is its inherently tart taste. This is of course the direct result of the high levels of tannin that are represented within the fruit itself. As a function of the fact that the wine is red, a large component of the color as well as the taste is concentric upon the level to which the grape skin itself is involved in the process of creating the juice which will in turn be fermented (Cejudo-Bastante et al 2011). Likewise, as tannin usually specifically resides within the skin of the grape, a process that is heavily intensive on using the skins to differentiate the wine will likely lead to a darker and more tart rendition of the wine as compared to a process that does not extensively uses these tannin-laden skins (Bird 2011). Although many authors belabor the point with regards to tannin, complaining that too much causes a bitter and or unpalatable wine, this is not the case with petit verdot, as experienced by this author. Although the bottle that was sam pled exhibited a distinctly bitter aftertaste; however, this was not so much the case that a meaty food paring such as veal or a type of gamey fowl could not easily compliment this (Herdenstam et al 2001). Critics have claimed that the wine exhibits elements of flavor similar to an aged leather, banana chips, and/or pencil shavings. The personal experience of this author noticed that of these three distinct tastes, that of pencil shavings mixed with a distinctly floral aftertaste was what most defined the wine when sampled by itself. Having done a fair amount of research into this specific wine prior to actually buying a bottle to sample, I had come to the realization that the best food combinations would be concentric around very earthy and hearty standard fare as a way to counteract the nature of this particular wine. It is necessary to note that although petit verdot is a particular type of grape, it is almost always used as a way to differentiate a certain way (Martinez-Gil et a l 2012). In other words, elements of petit verdot are often added to a given wine as a way to give a more full body and varied or nuanced taste. Alternatively, fire scorched and grilled foods also help to differentiate the taste of the food when paired with petit verdot. Due to the particular nature of the fruit itself, it is amenable to being used in this complimentary way due to the fact that by itself it would likely be considered to be too tart for normal consumption and individual food pairings. What is equally interesting about this particular wine is the fact that due to the fact that it is neither widely known nor popular, food parings is not an issue that has been fully developed as compared to other much more popular and well known varieties. It was precisely this approach that this author has chosen to take with respect to pairing the wine with the best available food. As a way to enhance the experience, this author set out to cook a meal that would help to bring out the well-balanced nature of the wine as opposed to many of the more harsh attributes that many wine critics seem so oddly fixated upon (MacNeil 2001). In this way, a meal was prepared that featured grilled duck filets along with a medley of seasoned vegetables with grilled corn prepared on the same grill as the

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Introduction to Child Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Introduction to Child Development - Essay Example This case study will focus on analysing the growth in different areas as exhibited by the child, and relating to the existing theory on child development (Beaver 2001, p.54). One of the aspects that make it evident that Child A has registered positive growth in both personal and social development is her development of self-control (Broadhead 2010, p. 56). From the observations, it emerges that child A has a level of self-control because she is able to express her feelings, opinions, and needs even when situations prove difficult while avoiding causing any harm to others (Brooks-Gunn, Fuligni, & Berlin 2003, p. 34). For example, on day one of the observation, child A was able to express her concerns because child B had taken her kitty (Bukatko & Daehler 2012, p. 123). Instead of grabbing it from child B, she opted to see the help from an adult so that she could get her kitty back (‘Child development’ 2007, p.23). However, despite the positive process exhibited by the child A in gaining self-control, there is evidence that she still needs to develop in other areas concerning self-control (Hoff & Shatz 2009, p. 88). For example, she needs to become more self-aware of her emotions and be able to control them effectively (Hyson 2003, p. 65). Instances when she demonstrates a need for further growth in this sector are several as indicated in the observations (Davies 2010, p. 54). A clear illustration is the fact that she was reluctant to eat after her teacher denied her the permission of having me seat close to her table (Mary & Armstrong 2003, p. 165). This shows that she is unable to handle disappointments effectively. However, her use of play materials purposely also exhibits a measure of self-control (Guhn & Goelman 2011, p. 195). In addition, on the fifth day of observation, the child exhibited self-control after intervention when she was arguing with child X. She was able to accept the proposition of sharing the doll with child X. This indicated that

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

None - Essay Example Moreover, the research also concluded that carbon monoxide produced by private automobiles was 95% higher; production of dangerous organic compounds is 92% greater, two times more emission of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide as compared to public transportation for each person travelling per mile. There was another study conducted in 2004 by Lancaster University, which suggested that switching to train system from the private car or airlines travelling has no significant advantages in terms of environment protection. However, there was an environmental group â€Å"friends of the earth†, who had opposite views regarding the shift and they were not satisfied with the findings of the study conducted by the university (Marston, 2004). They made another study, which revealed that the train system lacked in the modern advancement that had been made for the vehicles and airline industries in terms of better fuel consumption and efficient use of the fuel. A train that travels from London to Edinburgh uses 11.5 liters excess fuel per person as compared to the latest cars working on diesel; and similarly, the trains of Pendolino consumed more fuel per person than the airbus A380 (ABD, 2012). There are some other detailed studies that have concluded that there is a negative and opposite relation between the urban population density and energy consumption per capita. With the help of public transit system, the high urban population densities can be benefited easily and as an inverse relation the use of energy to run the system will be low and the travelling distance will be reduced. Green movements members always are in favor of public transportation because of high benefits in term of less contamination and low pollution than any other travelling system. In 2004, there was a study carried out in the city of Milan, Italy that unveiled the impact of mass transportation on the environment on a day of public transportation strike. The air during 8 days in

Monday, September 23, 2019

Advocacy-LLM Criminal Litigation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Advocacy-LLM Criminal Litigation - Essay Example These criminal legal professionals help to defend and prosecute particularly in the most serious criminal cases. The legal practitioners in UK have to demonstrate high magnitude of commitment, professionalism and ethical norms since UK has earned high reputation for its criminal justice system on the international level. To guarantee the delivery of high quality of criminal justice in UK courts, criminal advocates have to demonstrate higher advocacy and great technical knowledge skill. The criminal advocates help to ensure that all citizens receive a fair trial in the adversarial legal system, which is the backbone of the nation’s criminal justice system1, It is widely accepted that a huge sum is being spent as criminal legal aid in UK, pubic expects an efficient and effective advocacy from criminal advocates and if any poor standards will definitely not only have an impact on the quality of criminal advocate profession but also on the overall legal profession in UK. The Law S ociety in UK affirmed its pledge to enhancing advocacy norms which it regarded as to be must for the efficient functioning of the criminal justice system in UK. In view of the same, the Law society strongly recommended to create a certification scheme for solicitor advocates with the main spotlight on enhancing the knowledge update and training available to solicitor advocates in UK.... etiquettes for a criminal advocate as for instance, there had been severe criticism in the Milly Dowler3 trail against the counsel in 2011 for the treatment received by the victim’s family when they were in the witness box, and it is an obvious signal that even in criminal cases, antagonist backing has its limits4. The most significant traits of a criminal advocate can be summarised as follows: He should have adequate knowledge and appropriate qualification in criminal law and criminal justice system. The criminal advocate should always work for to safeguard the rights and interest of his client and should have strong fervent for justice. While in court, he should be confident and bold and should have a strong presence and should be capable of intimidating the prosecution. He should be a great performer with emoting talents to attract the jury’s attention and be able to influence them of the defendants’ misery or innocence. He should have more confident and shoul d have conducted many analogues’ litigations and should have good success rate. He should have adequate courage and more capable of facing the judge and cannot be either browbeaten or humiliated. He should have adequate knowledge of how the police functions and should be capable of detecting out facts and clues. He should have sound, deep knowledge in hidden components of law and during court hearing; he should be capable of spring surprises when never anticipated. With a client, a criminal advocate should always be fair in his professional dealings and also be honest and should brief his client the status of the case and what one can anticipate. He should be sociable in character so that he can have good relations with police, other advocates so that he can search for information from them to help his

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research project - Essay Example These three areas if viewed from the map represent an equilateral triangle with close proximity to each other as well as their convergence near the central region instil an interesting dimension to the research which would be further reflecting the effectiveness of the governmental policies in these adjoining areas (Beer, 2003). The research will direct its focus on the intermediate people of the region and will be exploring the living standards of these people. Education as an important parameter in influencing occupation For the purpose of comparison among the occupational pattern of the three areas, education can be regarded as an important parameter. Occupation generally reflects quality of life, social status, scope of future development and impact on the family life (Salary and wages in Australia, 2011, p. 1). Occupation reflects the income aspects in the life of the people and education acts as a very important variable linking occupation as well as income (Pearson, 2011). Now the focus will be on the employment structure of each of the post codes in study with respect to Australia as a whole. Let us first consider the case of Sury Hills. Employment patterns in Sury Hills The calculations derived from prior the week of census 2006, a total of 3,514 people aged 15 years and over constituted the total labour force in comparison with 9,607,987 in Australia as a whole. 66.9% were employed on a full time basis in comparison with 60.7% in Australia as a whole. 22.5% were employed on a part time basis in comparison with 27.9% in Australia as a whole. 3.4% were employed but were away from work with comparison of 3.5% in Australia as a whole. 2.3% of the people showed employment but without stated hours of work in comparison with 2.6% in Australia as a whole. In the unemployed category 4.8% were found to be unemployed in comparison with 5.2% in Australia as a whole (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills 2012). Fig.1. (2006 Census QuickStats, Sury Hills 2012) Employm ent in different sections/departments The professional accounted for around 35.6% of the employed persons over the age 15 years in comparison with 19.8 in Australia as a whole. The percentage of

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Human learning and survival Essay Example for Free

Human learning and survival Essay There is a common belief that the ability to learn is what makes human survival possible. I believe that survival is not based solely on learning. Human survival especially in times of vast environmental change is the result of a combination of learning, logic, reasoning and subsequent application of knowledge. The thing that sets humankind apart from other living things is intellect, which according to the dictionary is the ability to learn and reason. Learning is simply the ability of animals (humans included) to acquire and retain new information. Whenever we try to learn a new dance step, learn a new language or simply remember the names of people we meet, we in fact use our learning faculties. So do animals when they figure out that scrounging around in garbage cans can reward them with food. Darwinian theory proposes the idea of evolution wherein living things adjust biologically, mentally and physiologically to environmental conditions and demands. When the concept of survival of the fittest and natural selection is discussed, it pertains to animals that are not just physically fit but mentally as well (Arrizza). In fact most biologists and anthropologists support this thinking by citing the example of how humans have always depended on their wits in order to survive. More often than not, it is the more dull-witted ones who perish even before they have given birth to offspring, which probably is a good thing for succeeding generations (Thorndike, 1931, p. 184). It was stunningly simple. Nature does what animal breeders do, but gradually, and over longer periods of time. In a species, those individuals who are best adapted in their hereditary endowment will succeed, and survive, better than their fellows. That is the struggle for existence. Those successful individuals will leave more offspring, and this will move the mode, the central tendency of the species, in their direction. Following generations will continue to undergo selection for still better adaptation: running, swimming, seeing, hiding, chewing, or all together. (Howells, 1993, p. 6) Supposing this theory was correct however, it would imply that the weak or learning challenged humans would have been weeded out a long time ago. The thing is that in todays times, learning challenged humans still exist and even thrive. There are some quarters that may opine that intelligence and the development of skill are products of mental evolution. Evolution refers to progress to something more functional, advanced and suited to the current environment (Human Evolution). The fashioning and use of primitive tools are just a few hallmarks of how human intelligence has evolved and applied learning into something that helped their survival. For all practical purposes, learning is often seen as an attempt to create a memory or store information that lasts as it is invariably linked with memory. Dr. Eric R. Kandle, vice chairman of the Dana Alliance for Brain Initiatives sums it as: Learning is how you acquire new information about the world, and memory is how you store that information over time (What is learning) Simply put, it is just the accumulation of facts and information. At this point it is important to point out the difference between learning and memory. Kandle points out that not all learning can get stored into long term memory. Such is the case of things a person learned in school. Unless these lessons are used in day to day life, many will have trouble remembering them some years after. Kandle adds that There is no memory without learning, but there is learning without memory. (What is learning) True learning cannot exist without memory but Thorndike (1911) scorns the idea that human learning is the same as real human intellect. He states that learning alone does not include the more complex processes of reasoning or inference. No real thought is given to the relationship and causality of things, neither is there an appreciation of the progress the application of learning is causing. He further posits that learning is based solely on factors that are present in the environment. It is human intellect that makes it possible for humans to think and develop further learning outside the box or beyond what are present in his environment. Rychlak (1994) supports this contention with his own theory of Logic Learning. Rychlak believes that learning is an inherent quality in both humans and animals alike. Humans however possess the power and capability of logic that enables them to make sense and assign purpose and function to information that is learned. (p. 35) Learning is not limited to humans. Every living organism has the capability to learn. It has been proven that animals including dogs, cats and even bees have information and skill acquiring capabilities. While most animal characteristics are arguably innate or instinctive like a newborn baby or puppys nipple searching and sucking reflex, many later skills are learned. What sets people apart is rather not limited to the capacity to learn and store information but rather in the processing of this information afterwards and figuring out what to do with it. Animal learning is mostly based on impulses and instinct. There are three different ways by which organisms learn: by trial and error, by observation and imitation, and by instruction. (Campbell, 1998, p. 39) Trial and error is by far the most common method of learning among living organisms. An example of this is when a mouse tries to figure its way out of a puzzle by trying out first one path, then another until it hits upon the correct path to follow. Observation and imitation is illustrated by how the young of animals and humans alike acquire learning by watching and imitating the actions of their parents. This is most commonly the basis of the development of behavioral patterns and actions. Finally, and what is arguably the method unique to humans is the method of instruction through language. Why is it unique? Instruction needs conscious thought and full intention of teaching. What is more is that instruction is a big factor in the propagation of a culture yet the topics and methods of instruction are also largely dependent on culture (p. 40). Language is also another important and distinctive part of both human culture, instruction and in effect, human learning (Alland, 1973, p. 209). Using language in instruction speeds up the learning process thereby allowing for more potential information to be learned and assimilated. Instructions and responses are direct and accurate. In the same way, a shared language serves both as a unifying element of culture and shared experience between individuals. Learning and Adaptation Enough mention has been made of adaptation with regard to human survival†¦what is adaptation? Adaptation is lexically defined as an adjustment to conditions present within an environment or a reaction to a persistent and present stimulus. It allows an organism to adapt or change components or behaviors within itself to match the demands of its environment. Survival is an organisms ability to exist and propagate in relation to its surroundings and environments. Is learning the key to adaptation and in effect human survival? No. But it is one of the fundamental and major contributors to it. Like most living organisms, humans have physical limitations that are challenged by natural elements and processes such as climate, hunger and other environmental conditions. Unlike other animals however, humans are relatively less sensitive and attuned to environmental changes (Piantadosi, 2003, p. 1). It is at this point that the human ability to learn, reason and compare their living conditions and determine problems that may exist and threaten their survival. Like people in modern days, primitive men had their environment with its own accompanying problems. If modern people today are challenged by more high tech issues like traffic, work, and finances, our primitive ancestors had to figure out ways of keeping warm in the winter and putting food on the table (or rock). There were challenges in how to hunt and capture prey effectively as well as make sure that they do not become prey to carnivorous predators of their time. From plain materials and tools fashioned with flint and animal bone, primitive humans graduated to working with copper which was more malleable yet as tough as stone, and then to the much stronger bronze which was formed by melting copper with tin and finally, iron (Hartman, 1996). Supporters of learning as the keystone of survival wold point this out as a way by which learning improved human existence. But basing on definitions alone, learning meant that they simply realized that stone is not so easy to work with, copper is malleable but pretty weak, and bronze and iron are harder metals. It is logic and reasoning that made it possible for them to realize that 1. ) there are problems with the materials they are using, 2. ) they need to find a better solution to their requirements, hence the search and formulation of copper and bronze. Without logic and reasoning people then would have simply stopped at knowing. One may look at this the same way as the differentiation between science and technology. Science is that wide and impressive body of knowledge which will remain meaningless unless applied and utilized in technology.

Friday, September 20, 2019

The Rise of Trump and the Mainstreaming of White Nationalism

The Rise of Trump and the Mainstreaming of White Nationalism Tweet Storm: The Rise of Trump and the Mainstreaming of White Nationalism The opening event for The College of New Jerseys Womens History Month 2017 was a talk given by Dr. Jessie Daniels titled Tweet Storm: The Rise of Trump, the Mainstreaming of White Nationalism, the Real Threat to Building Just and Sustainable Communities. The talk took place in The College of New Jerseys Library Atrium on March 8, 2017 and began with Dr. Janet Gray introducing Daniels by detailing her impressive academic history. Dr. Daniels is a professor of sociology at Hunter College and at the Graduate Center at CUNY who specializes in critical social psychology. She is internationally recognized as an expert in the expression of racism on the internet and the author of two books, White Lies and Cyber Racism, which were the basis of her talk. Daniels opened her talk by first recognizing that the material she would be covering, while important, could be triggering to some members of the audience and promised to not have the anti-semitic and racist imagery on display for longer than necessary. She then goes on to explain how she views white nationalism as a serious, growing threat to developing just and sustainable communities and that she will be discussing these ideas in the context of the most recent U.S. election. Daniels uses her two books, which were accidently written on either side of the internet (Daniels), to examine the growth and change in the white supremacy movement and system in the United States due to the drastic increase in availability of the internet in the late 1990s. White Lies focuses on white supremacists printed publications (Daniels) and is a quantitative analysis of 400 publications from five different white supremacist organizations (Daniels). From her analysis, Daniels first argues that white su premacy is gendered both in regards to the supposed positive attributes of whites and the supposed negative attributes of non-whites. Her second argument is that the rhetoric of white supremacy is similar to the popular political rhetoric around race in general. While this may be extremely apparent to us today, when White Lies was published in 1997 these observations and analysis were novel both in academia and in social justice communities. In her second book, Cyber Racism, Daniels revisits the five groups explored in White Lies to see if had they made this transition; did they make it across the internet on to doing white supremacy digitally (Daniels). She did a quantitative content analysis of Stormfrontà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a quasi-experimental in-depth interview designà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦based on web usability studies (Daniels). One of her major findings is white supremacists use of cloaked sites, which she defines as sites that intentionally disguised authorship in order to conceal a political agenda (Daniels), and that racism is changing due to the digital revolution. While this is not surprising, her second finding that students are willing to consider information given on these cloaked sites if asked but are usually deterred by the unprofessional look to the sites is terrifying in its implications. Daniels argues that the goal of white supremacists is to challenge these moral and political victories, like the abolition of slavery, to say lets debate that again (Daniels). This gives white supremacy legitimacy as a reasonable position to hold that can be debated and has caused the United States to be a haven for white supremacy. Our class has spent a significant amount of time talking about white privilege especially in connection to current events such as the Womens March last January and the continuing rise in police brutality against people of color. I believe Daniels second book Cyber Racism and its conclusions could have added another dimension to those discussions since we did not explicitly touch on white supremacy in any of them. Daniels argument that racism has drastically changed due to the digital revolution directly connects to my short presentation on Native Feminism on our second day of class. During that presentation, I included a quote from Sydne Rain which included the line The tone-deafness of all these angry white supremacists around me. Their lack of care.. The use of white supremacists in the quote portrays the new white supremacy described by Daniels in her second book. White supremacy is now much more cloaked than it has been in the past which has led to many average people holding bel iefs that are characterized as white supremacists beliefs. Rain touches upon several realities directly caused by historic and current white supremacy but the average person would not label many of these realities as white supremacy because they only recognize the pre-internet version of the system. This talk also spoke to a topic we have only briefly covered in class but will go more in-depth with in the near future: cyber feminism. Cyber feminism was coined in the 1990s as a way to describe how feminists were critiquing, theorizing about, and using the internet for feminist work. Daniels directly, but probably not purposely, addressed this idea when discussing the revolution of the internet: Then one day I went to bed and when I woke up everyone had the internet. While Daniels never mentions cyber feminism in her talk, her description of how she became interesting in using the internet as a tool for research on racism, white supremacy, and how the internet affected the effect of white supremacy on young adults was essentially the definition of cyber feminism. I believe this talk will inform the classroom discussion on cyber feminism when we reach the topic especially since at least half the class attended the talk. Overall, I found the talk to be informative and enjoyable and the speaker to be conscientious and willing to address complex issues that do not have easy answers. I was glad Daniels took the first few minutes of her talk to recognize that the images she would be showing could be triggering for some members of the audience and to promise to only have them on the screen for as long as she needed. The fact that she took time to do this and followed through on her promise, especially in reference to the anti-semitic images with the recent attacks and threats on Jewish communities, told me she was extremely conscientious and aware of what she was presenting. It was during the questioning part of the event after the talk where she showed how willing she was to address complex issues. I asked a rather difficult question about where she thinks the future of white supremacy is going, both in the short and long term, and how she thinks changing demographics of the United States would affect th is. She did not dismiss my question and answered it to the best of her ability in my opinion. Daniels argument about how students analyze online sources, especially cloaked sites, has been one of the largest take-aways for me. On a personal level, I wonder if I am guilty of dismissing a cloaked site simply due to graphics and if I would recognize these sites for what they are if they did have more professional designs. On a professional level as a teacher, I wonder how my students are interacting with these cloaked sites. Ultimately, this event left me concerned and wondering how I could address these topics with my own students. Work Cited Daniels, Jessica. Tweet Storm: The Rise of Trump, the Mainstreaming of White Nationalism, the Real Threat to Building Just and Sustainable Communities. Womens History Month 2017, The College of New Jersey, 8 March 2017, The College of New Jersey Library, Ewing, NJ, Lecture. hokte (sydnerain). And it makes me so, so fucking angry to type this. The tone-deafness of all these angry white supremacists around me. Their lack of care. 22 January 2017, 8:45 PM. Tweet.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

music and its effects on life :: essays research papers

The effects that music has on life are unimagineable. Music has been widely recommended as a technique to enhance the psychophysical state of participants in sport and exercise. However, there is scant scientific evidence to clarify its proposed benefits The purpose of this paper was to present the conceptual framework underlying the psychophysical effects of music, to discuss published findings since the review of Lucaccini and Kreit (1972), and to consider limitations in previous research. Certain generalizations about the effects of music emerge. First, it appears that synchronization of submaximal exercise with musical accompanimentresults in increased work output. Second, music apparently reduces the rate of perceived exertion during submaximal exercise. Third, music tends to enhance affective states at both medium and high levels of work intensity. However, the effect of asynchronous music in contributing to optimal arousal is unclear. Based on a review ofrelated literature, it was concluded that appropriately selected music can enhance enjoyment levels and adherence to physical activity.The psychophysical effects of music has become an area of increased interest amongst sports researchers during the last decade. Selected research has demonstrated that music has significant psychophysical benefits during physical activity (e.g., Boutcher & Trenske, 1990; Copeland & Franks, 1991; Lee, 1989). These studies have shown that li stening to music can produce ergogenic effects in terms of improved motor performance and increased aerobic endurance, and can also enhance the exercise experience. The proposed mechanisms through which music produces psychophysical benefits include lowered perceived effort, arousal control, improved affective states, and a synchronization effect. By contrast, however, other studies have shown that music has no psychophysical benefits (Patton, 1991; Schwartz, Fernhall, & Plowman, 1990). Studies which have examined the synchronization of movement with music have consistently shown an ergogenic effect (Anshel & Marisi, 1978; Michel & Wanner, 1973; Uppal & Datta, 1990). However, a greater number of studies which have examined the effects of asynchronous (background) music have produced equivocal findings in that some studies identified psychophysical effects (e.g., Boutcher & Trenske, 1990; Copeland & Franks, 1991), whereas other studies (e.g., Patton, 1991; Schwartz, Fernhall, & Plowman, 1990) showed no effects.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Online Pornography as a Threat of Violence Essay -- Pornography Essays

Online Pornography as a Threat of Violence In 1994, a male University of Michigan student posted a sexually explicit short story to alt.sex.stories, a widely-read USENET newsgroup. (While USENET hosts are technically neither a subset nor a superset of the Internet, it, like the Internet, is a decentralized computer network, and the vast majority of its traffic passes over the Internet.) It is unclear whether anything would have happened to Jake Baker, who posted the story, had he not used the name and physical description of a female student who attended a class with him and either lived in the same dorm or nearby. The government tried to prosecute him on the basis that he had made a threat of violence against her, but eventually failed to achieve any remedy in the courts. An activist named Catharine MacKinnon contributed an amicus curiae brief to the proceedings, and has since stated that the government neglected to raise all the relevant issues in the case. She has also campaigned for laws to stop pornography. MacKinnon claims, in general, that pornography is violence. In this particular case, she argued to the court that the Baker pornography was the threat of violence. To back up her argument about his intentions, she used excerpts from his E-mail correspondence with a like-minded young man in Canada. E-mail is normally personal communication, and so it is harder to classify as a "threat" in the traditional sense of something communicated to the target, but her own argument is that the story itself was a threat and an instance of violence. (The appeals court dismissed the case on technical grounds mostly relating to the specificity of the threat.) It is clear that this story and others that Mr. Baker had been composin... ...d by someone who was probably just following scripts that had been taken from pornography, either directly or through the medium of society as a whole. Unlike this case, there are numerous instances where men actually use pornography as a means of control over women, or gain control over women by involving them in the production of pornography. Such social cost is high. The fact that U. S. citizens spend between eight and ten billion dollars on pornography each year(4) should be the final straw compelling us to be more careful individually and take appropriate measures collectively to stop this deadly plague. Notes: 1. 48 Hours, 18 Nov 1992 2. Ibid. 3. Legal brief by MacKinnon. www.nostatusquo.com/ACLU/Porn/Baker/sc.html, 26 Jul 2001 4. Thomas S. Monson. Liahona, Nov 2001, p.4. Salt Lake City: La Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos DÃ ­as.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Helen Keller’s Life Essay

The name of Helen Adams Keller is known around the world as a symbol of courage in the face of overwhelming odds, yet she was much more than a symbol. She was a woman of luminous intelligence, high ambition and great accomplishment. She devoted her life to helping others. Helen Keller was born in Tuscumbia, Alabama, in 1880. When she was only 19 months old, she contracted a fever that left her blind and deaf. When she was almost seven years old, her parents engaged Anne Mansfield Sullivan to be her tutor. With dedication, patience, courage and love, Miss Sullivan was able to evoke and help develop the child’s enormous intelligence. Helen Keller quickly learned to read and write, and began to speak by the age of 10. When she was 20, she entered Radcliffe College, with Miss Sullivan at her side to spell textbooks – letter by letter – into her hand. Four years later, Radcliffe awarded Helen Keller a Bachelor’s degree  magna cum laude. After graduation, Helen Keller began her life’s work of helping blind and deaf-blind people. She appeared before state and national legislatures and international forums, traveled around the world to lecture and to visit areas with a high incidence of blindness, and wrote numerous books and articles. She met every U. S. president from Grover Cleveland to Lyndon Johnson, and played a major role in focusing the world’s attention on the problems of the blind and the need for preventive measures. Miss Keller won numerous honors, including honorary university degrees, the Lions Humanitarian Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom, and election to the Women’s Hall of Fame. During her lifetime, she was consistently ranked near the top of â€Å"most admired† lists. She died in 1968, leaving a legacy that Helen Keller International is proud to carry on in her name and memory.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Drama

Removing vowels from words to analyses language and see how each sentence sounds different Implantation of characters- Give each characters characteristics of an animal that reflects their personality. Perform a scene as that animal/ Off text practical improper as animal Off text monologue Hot seating (Circle hot seating Move around circle and change roles/ask questions In role.Teacher or student facilitates process and gives topics or controls questions asked) Gender swooping Status exercise playing cards 7 stages of tension Simon Encumber who co-founded Theatre De Complicity, uses the Seven Levels of Tension when working on Improvisation. It is a method of working which shares certain escalates with Statisticians Method of Physical Action (I. E. Asking yourself Who, What, Why, Where and When) No Tension (COMA) The relaxed (A little tension) The Neutral (Not Glenn off tension) Alertness Suspense Passionate The release of tension (Exploding) One at a time Run and stop and scream.Then again exaggerated Alma to show use of control El coo Neutral mask same scene different proteomics one minute character Journey (Physically show their life in a one minute speedy movement sequence) Freeze- frames Adding dialogue- removing it Power line- good to bad angel and devil scene representing characters state of mind. Imagine there is a physical line on the floor Giving characters different objectives throughout a scene and they must achieve it in the scene regardless of dialogue Limiting dialogue to 10 key words String game.Tying characters together with strings of different lengths to explore different proteomics. Remove string and repeat scene keeping proteomics and tension exactly the same as before. Flocking exercise (flock of birds).

Sunday, September 15, 2019

People who make decisions based on emotion and justify those decisions with logic afterwards are poor decision makers Essay

The debate of whether to follow emotions or logic is a complex one. As the given statement seems too strong in suggesting that all those who make decisions based on emotion are poor decision-makers, it may be warranted to discuss both the positive and negative role emotions and logic play in our decision making process. In certain cases, decisions based on emotion can result in undesirable consequences. There exist several examples of impulsive shoppers who get consumed by the emotion to acquire and buy something, and consequently, end up with a purchase they later realize wasn’t required at all. Advertisers and sales personnel, aware of this tendency, often play with this emotion to their advantage. A more severe example could be of substance abusers and addicts, who, in a moment of high emotion and drama, triggered by an adrenaline rush, make decisions they might need to regret later. Gamblers, guided (or, misguided, rather) by the emotion of avarice and the â€Å"high† of winning could end up impoverishing themselves and their dependents. One also comes across people who make the wrong dietary choices, to satiate their taste buds, thereby posing a danger to long-term health. The examples discussed above present the seamier side of decisions based on emotion; however, it should be recognized that certain situations require that decisions be guided not by logic, but by impulse. The adage â€Å"sieze the day† suggests that one should let the heart rule over the head, and grab an opportunity with both hands. In other words, instinct and intuition can aid in better decision-making sometimes, rather than mere dependence on logic. There are several examples of business honchos who claim to have taken risks, guided by their hearts, and reaped benefits of such decisions. In contrast, there are others who lament the loss of opportunity because they â€Å"thought too much† and were hesitant to follow their heart. In short, decisions based on emotion may not always lead to wrong choices. Just as the brain and the heart work in tandem to keep the body functioning smoothly, one may assert that both emotion and logic are complements to each other, and facilitate the decision making process. Decisions made on the basis of logic alone may not work out always, while choices guided by emotion and instinct could very often work wonders, and hence shouldnt be disregarded all the time.

Desert Places

Desert Places by Robert Frost Snow falling and night falling fast, oh, fast In a field I looked into going past, And the ground almost covered smooth in snow, But a few weeds and stubble showing last. The woods around it have it – it is theirs. All animals are smothered in their lairs. I am too absent-spirited to count; The loneliness includes me unawares. And lonely as it is, that loneliness Will be more lonely ere it will be less – A blanker whiteness of benighted snow With no expression, nothing to express.They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home To scare myself with my own desert places In the poem â€Å"Desert Places† by Robert Frost, The speaker is a lonely man who is not feeling a sense of belonging within himself. Also winter does not offer to help the lonely man. Instead it assists his feelings of loneliness. â€Å"And the ground almost covered smooth in snow† (line 3). As line three indicates, the speaker is watching an empty field being covered by more and more snow.This connotes concealing the beauty of the field. The snow imagery communicates the feelings of disappointing winter and emptiness. The observation of loneliness in winter and isolation from the world is nothing compare to the feelings of loneliness and emptiness within. This meaning is effectively communicated by the poem’s imagery and by the denotation and connotation of the words Frost has chosen. In the first stanza, the setting is developed with the use of words ‘night’ and ‘snow’ and they both carry negative connotation.Snow is employed throughout the poem to show the lack of identity; it also has characteristics of cold and formless white sheet. This observations show an image of snow falling fast, destroying the beauty of the field and covering up everything that is living. Similarly the ‘night’ has a negative connotation of darkne ss, the blackness and visionless that signals the depression and loneliness that the speaker is feeling. The concept of ‘falling fast’ both words which are mentioned twice in the first line of the first stanza, suggests descending uncontrollable and unstoppable.All four words create images that describe the mood of the speaker’s inescapable depression as result of the ‘ground covered smooth in the snow’ (3) and the feeling of emptiness within. In the second stanza the word ‘theirs’ denotes belonging; explaining the woods have something to feel a part of. The speaker still feels lonely. Also the word ‘smothered’ denotes suffocation and blockage. Although the animals are ‘smothered’ by the snow and feel helpless and alone, they are smothered in ‘their lairs’.The last line of the second stanza is really important because the word ‘loneliness’ is mentioned for the first time in the poem. Th e world ‘loneliness’ denotes without company and isolated. In line seven, the speaker is ‘too absent-spirited to count,’ he is sadly alone. In the eighth line ‘the loneliness includes me unaware,’ the speaker notices unexpectedly he too is included in the ‘loneliness. ’ It is not just the animals and the empty field covered with snow the speaker is blaming of being lonely but also himself as well.The speaker loses enthusiasm. In the third stanza, It is the most straightforward and haunting stanza of the poem because it practically induces ‘loneliness’ into the reader. ‘Lonely’ and ‘loneliness’ are mentioned three times in this stanza. ‘Will be more lonely ere it will be less—’ (10) The speaker admits that the weather and more so him feeling lonely will only get worse before it gets better. The word ‘blanker’ and ‘benighted’ are used in this stanza to give imagery of how empty and lonesome the persona is feeling.In line twelve, the imagery of depression and absence of identity is furthermore supported when the speaker compares himself to the snow to say ‘With no expression, nothing to express’ (12) mentioning his lack of identity and him falling into loneliness. The fourth and last stanza is where the speaker is most confident. The word ‘scare’ is mentioned twice in this stanza and it denotes fear. In the first line of the fourth stanza the speaker says he worries no more of empty and lonely spaces. The word ‘star’ denotes space, but it also connotes to an example of loneliness ‘where no human race is. (14) The speaker does not coward anymore of lonely empty spaces, he does not need empty fields covered with formless snow and space filled with loneliness to scare him; it’s already inside of him. The last line of the poem ‘To scare myself with my own desert places,â€⠄¢ (16) contain an image which displays Frost’s thought that fear comes from within oneself rather than without. No matter how you view or understand this poem ‘Desert places’ by Robert Frost; we can all agree that imagery, connotation, and denotation play an important role in explaining the poem’s total meaning.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

Lack of Mother’s Love Leads to Self Destruction Essay

In D. H. Lawrence’s short story â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† Paul’s determination, hunger for love and self-destructiveness result from a lack of love from his mother. Living in a family that equates money with luck, and love, Paul misunderstands what he needs to do to be considered successful. The result of his mother’s self absorption and general coldness causes Paul to eventually ride his luck to the end of his life in a failed search for love. Paul’s determination He wishes to make the house stop murmuring, â€Å"There must be more money!† Paul wants to prove his mother wrong that he is unlucky Severe anxiety over his inability to predict the winners in the big races of the year furthers Paul’s determination Paul’s hunger for love His mother’s behavior toward her children is cold and egotistical Paul equates money with love as learned from his mother His desire to give his mother money as a â€Å"birthday present† to take away her cares Paul’s self-destructive behavior His never-ending quest for â€Å"luck† He assents to give his mother all five thousand pounds when she asks for a lump sum Paul feels he must work harder to come up with the Derby race winner since his mother has squandered the previous money, which leads to his death

Friday, September 13, 2019

The real Zhuge liang which different with Romance of the three Research Proposal

The real Zhuge liang which different with Romance of the three kingdoms - Research Proposal Example different Chinese leaders, both ancient and current, examining how the Chinese cultures are portrayed in the novel, and to find out how these cultures are being still being observed the current. Romance of the three Kingdoms is one of the highly regarded Chinese classics that are gathered into a semi-fictional mythical work of arts which highlights what took place during the era of Luo Guanzhong (Guanzhong, pg3). Despite the fact that the incidences portrayed in this novel took place 1700 years ago, this duration of history can be described as the golden age of chivalry and since then, characters such as Guan Yu, Zhuge Liang and Cao Cao have become Chinese household names. This novel gives the story that is partly legend, partly historical and partially mythical. It chronicles the historic lives of feudal lords and their royals who labored to either restore the dying Han Dynasty or form another well established kingdom in its place. Even though the novel captures more than 100 characters, the major concern is the remnants of the Han Dynasty that finally formed the three nations Wei, Wu and Shu (Guanzhong, pg8). The novel deals with personal, army battles, conspiracies, plot s and how these states struggled to attain dominance. It also elaborates on how the Chinese view their past in a cyclical manner. Thesis statement: The life of Zhuge Liang has a positive significant to the lives and manner of ruling by the present Chinese leaders. On the other hand, the Chinese cultures during the time of Zhuge Liang were very dominant and their applications are still being practiced today. Drawing ideas mainly from the novel, the relationship aspect of Zhuge Liang legendary in the Romance three kingdoms is highly elaborated. Game play revolves around managing numerical data, each representing a character of a city or an individual (Guanzhong, pg12). For instance, a town would have data showing the amount of food kept within its wall, its susceptibility to disasters like

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Equity Premium Puzzle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Equity Premium Puzzle - Essay Example Equity premium is meant to cushion stock investors against the risk of losing their investment portfolios (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 195). However, variations in gain between government bonds and stocks are quite vast and yet government bonds also bear some risk especially the risk associated with inflation (Ben-Haim, 2006). People invest their money to benefit from the gain in the value of their assets. However, many people continue to invest in government bonds where there is such small gain than in stock. This has resulted to a dilemma to the economists who have been unable to understand why many people still prefer government bonds despite the huge returns in stocks as compared to bonds (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 192). The investment decision is influenced b perceived risk, investors’ ability to bear risk, investment period, investor satisfaction and utility behaviour. As stated earlier equity premium is the difference in gains between stocks and risk-free assets such as governments’ bond or security bills. The government bonds are believed to bear no risk while ordinary stocks are rated as the most risky venture (Glyn, 2006, p.153). Due to this perception of risk, many people opt to invest their money in government securities where they have guarantee for small gains rather than investing in stocks with prospect for enormous gains but bearing vast risk. Equity premiums are meant to shield investors against enormous threat associated with the perceived loss on investment in the stocks (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 195). This variation is too huge hence economists have never come into consensus as to why people continue to invest in government bonds which normally have low yields compared the stocks. The economists have assumed that investors must have immense risk evading attitude (Ben-Haim, 2006). This is because in the real sense people would invest in stocks which have higher probability for gigantic returns than gains in bonds value. Ho wever, since people would want to keep away from risk of any form, they opt to invest in bonds where they have a better chance to gain than in stocks. The economists have also doubted whether stocks truly bear any equity premium, and whether the real gain from the investment reveal value equivalent to the equity premium (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 193). If this is true then what makes investors fail to invest in stocks which bear gigantic equity risk premiums? The investors’ decisions on what type portfolio they should purchase are either influenced by personal factors or market factors (Ben-Haim, 2006). This has also raised concern over the existence of equity premium puzzle. In Siegel and Thaler (1997, p. 193), the dilemma regarding the investor’s decisions could only be a matter of individual taste and preference which cannot be influenced by the market conditions. This difference in gains between risk-free bonds and stocks investments is explained by economists us ing economic yardstick replica (Siegel and Thaler, 1997, p. 192). To determine this variation economists use â€Å"standard equilibrium model† in which the individual’s willingness to utilize resources vary from one period to another, when the risk deterrence attitude remains unaffected The gauge used in this approach is the comparative risk deterrence factor named A. Therefore, the hypothesis was that a decline in utility by 1% should result to an increase in marginal value of the income of the

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Discrimination Based on Religion and National Origin Essay

Discrimination Based on Religion and National Origin - Essay Example Accordingly, as it is made known to her that customers need English speaking sales professionals, Mary was aware of the needs of the customers as well as her responsibilities, which include speaking in English. Additionally, the Spanish language was not prohibited as long as it is used to communicate with a Spanish-speaking customer. In the context of Mary’s case, it can be said that the imposition of the â€Å"English Only Policy† is to prevent misunderstanding between employees and customers. Murray and Bernard mentioned that with the diversity in the workforce today, there is a need to impose a preferred language to ensure effective and comprehensible communication among customers and employees (1). Additionally, Mary’s dismissal is not merely based on her language, but it is based on the idea that she did not use the prescribed language preferred by the company. For this reason, Sears did not violate the law that protects employees against racial, ethnic, and religious discrimination. Based on Title VII, Tucker and Haddad flesh out that the concept of religion, in the juridical context, includes all the religious practices, observances, and beliefs of an individual (217). With this definition, it can be said that religion has a wide scope that accommodating all of the employees’ religious preferences may be difficult. Furthermore, although it is a general rule that employers should not discriminate an employee’s religion, service industries and religious-related organizations are exempted from the limitations prescribed in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Service industries and organizations associated with a particular religion can discriminate an employee’s religion. For instance, the airline industry, in its service-oriented business process, is allowed to disregard the religious practices of their employees and oblige them to work especially when the work is a business necessity. Considering the rationale of the exception, I

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

Change project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Change project - Essay Example It is in this regard that this essay is written to present pertinent changes in organizational processes or systems to adjust to the requirements of efficiency in assuring compliance to attendance protocols of a Security Company. At a Security Company in the country, attendance is being monitored by a system of logging in and out utilizing time cards that allow you to punch in and out and are needed as a basis for salary payments. In addition, an access card is used to enter buildings. The problem is many personnel are punching other employees out when they already left hours earlier. Personnel are punching other colleagues in when they never came to work. This is an on going issue and there really is no way to detect it. This system is prone to loopholes and dishonesty because as peers develop teambuilding, employees belonging in the same department or team are susceptible to connivance in relation to attendance and payment requirements. It was initially established that change is a necessary component in an organization in order to respond to inefficiencies, conflicts and changes in the environment. It was precisely identified that in this particular Security Company, an immediate innovative response to their problem in the system of tracking down and monitoring attendance of personnel is eminent. According to Martires & Fule (2000) â€Å"change, no matter how elegant it appears to be on paper, becomes effective only when it results in people and group actually improving their collective performance†. Lewin (1951) in his book on Frontiers in Group Dynamics identified three steps in the process of change, to wit: (1) unfreezing; (2) changing; and (3) refreezing. The unfreezing stage is the initial step involving awareness and recognition of the need to change certain aspects in the current situation. The changing stage involves the introduction and application of the new patterns of behavior

Monday, September 9, 2019

Proposal- a training programme for Wing Yip Dissertation

Proposal- a training programme for Wing Yip - Dissertation Example In terms of the classical Chinese concepts of family and business, Wing Yip strives to build long term relationships with its suppliers, its staff, its customers and tenants. Further long term goals are to ensure that the company’s passion – the supply of excellent food products – strengthens the awareness of Chinese food culture in Britain, to mirror the important role of food in Chinese history and society (Wing Yip*, 2011). At all four branches of Wing Yip, vacancies have been advertised for cashiers, shop floor assistants and store manager’s assistants (Wing Yip**, 2011). Toward the achievement of the long-term goals of Wing Yip, it is essential that the training provided for the existing staff – as they move into positions of leadership within the stores – and the newly employed staff – as they begin their association with the culture and traditions of Wing Yip – be trained and developed as individuals proud to be associate d with the company and its values. Service delivery must be refined and enhanced through training in best practice, already found in the organisation. Objectives To promote a common culture of service, innovation, pride in delivery and lifelong learning among Wing Yip employees To enable upward mobility toward leadership within the organization, in line with succession-planning strategies To promote the company culture of the classical Chinese approach to family and business, and the passion for food (Wing Yip*, 2011) among all employees To ensure appropriate skills and competencies according to job description among Wing Yip employees, hence promoting the empowerment of the individual Approach A dual approach will be maintained in the courses offered: Induction training for new employees, to familiarise new people with roles and responsibilities, the culture of the business, and with colleagues; development for existing employees to emphasise the employees’ potential to lear n new skills and develop more capabilities (The Times 100 website: Training and Development Theory, 2011). Adults learn best through goal-oriented instruction (Craig, 1987) and thus trainers will employ structures and methodologies with this in mind. The possibilities for advancement in the company and personal development will be emphasised throughout. Also the first and compulsory-for-all-course – Course A – will disseminate the company culture and promote the taking of personal responsibility as well as initiative and innovation, hence persuading the delegates that the company’s values are sound. The company’s objectives in presenting the training must be concisely and regularly reinforced throughout the training. Assumptions In order to improve the output and success of a business it has been claimed that an organization in which everyone shares the same vision and where they trust and value each other’s contribution develops a â€Å"high perf ormance culture† (The Times 100 website: Siemens Case Study, 2011). Further, allowing people to take responsibility and trusting in their abilities motivates them, and allied with a shared vision and goals, individuals feel that they are contributing in a worthwhile way to the business. They also then feel more empowered in their

Sunday, September 8, 2019

The Internet and It's Use in Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Internet and It's Use in Politics - Essay Example In May 2010, a survey observed the Republicans (who were Congress members) as reaching out to new Facebook connections at a faster rate than the Democrats. As a result, by August 2010, members of the Republic Party claimed to possess double the amount of â€Å"fans† of the Democrats on Facebook. Prior to this, Hillary Clinton, the present US Secretary of State and Paul Nelson, the Republican member of the South Dakota House of Representatives had used the YouTube and MySpace sites for their respective election campaigns. (Bardes, Shelley,Schmidt, 192) How media sites encourage public involvement in politics The social networking sites undertake special projects to increase public participation in political issues.In January 2008, Facebook cosponsored a primary debate regarding the candidature of US Presidentship. This was the media site’s first notable political project, where one million of the site’s users participated in debate groups and were also allowed to present their own questions to the concerned candidates. Facebook also organized debates on the implementation of the US health care bill. Though, these were not initiated for any achieving any particular objective, important insights were gained from the passionate arguments that took place regarding the bill. This ultimately paved the way to the complete transformation of the US health-care system in March 2010. The social networking sites have the young population as the majority of its members. Modern politicians have realized that they can use thesenetworking platforms to disseminate their political ideologies among the youth of the country (Bardes, Shelley,Schmidt, 192). Social Media’s influence on Campaigning In the 20th century, political campaigns were mainly conducted on the streets with the help of posters, placards and bill boards. To reach out to a wider population, the campaigners relied on the traditional means of communication like advertising through the tele vision, radio, phone banks, newspapers and e-mail. In contrast, political campaigns in the 21st century depend heavily on the online communication methods. Political advertising is conducted through the Internet, RSS feeds, podcasts, interactive websites, social media sites, blogs, microblogs, mobile text messages and the e-mail. Campaigners specially utilize the platforms of YouTube, My Space, Facebook, other networking sites and micro-blogs like Twitter,to communicate their ideas to potential voters.The on-street campaigns had adequate time (days and sometimes weeks) to design advertising messages to influence the voters. After the election, the polling results also required some time to be analyzed and reported. On the other hand, the modern online campaigns operate at a phenomenal speed throughout the entire day. Election results, on field data and early voting information are received, deciphered and reported within a matter of a few hours. The on-street campaigns could involve a limited number of participants in their election propaganda.The rest of the population was left as spectators who were only required to cast their votes on the election day. In comparison, the online communication methodsensure the involvement of a greater number of potential voters in the election campaign. People

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Establish the topic from the paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Establish the topic from the paper - Essay Example In the second treatise Locke presented his ideas of the nature, function, authority and origin of government, as well as the roles of its various branches. Locke began the second treatise with his analysis of the (then popular) concept of the ‘State of Nature’. The ‘State of Nature’ is the natural state of being of mankind. In this natural state the government is either non-existent or highly ineffective. Locke maintained that in the state of nature men are, â€Å"perfectly free to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and themselves, in any way they like, without asking anyone’s permission—subject only to limits set by the law of nature† (2nd Treatise, 4). Since in the state of nature men’s actions are limited by the â€Å"law of nature†, hence, even though it is a state of ‘liberty’ it is not a state of ‘license’. No one is allowed to harm the â€Å"life, health, liberty, or poss essions† of another (2nd Treatise, 6). The law of nature is nothing but reason, which aims at the preservation of mankind. It creates obligations for everyone alike (everyone who consults it, is aware of this fact). The state of nature is also a state of equality, in which all have equal authority and power. A person who abides by the ‘law of nature’ can harm another person only if that person has broken the law of nature by committing a grave offence. Even so, the punishment meted out to the offender must not be extreme or irrational, but must aim only at â€Å"reparation and restraint† (2nd Treatise, 8). Therefore, everyone in the state of nature has the right to use force to protect his life, liberty and possessions. However, since everyone in the state of nature is equal, there are no means for resolving conflicts. Also, a number of people either do not strictly follow, or misapply the law of nature. This is why the state of nature is a dangerous state, wherein the life, liberty and possessions of individuals are in constant peril. Therefore, it is only natural that people living in such a state come together to constitute a political body, namely the government. The members of a society enter an agreement whereby they cede power and authority to a political entity, whose functions it is to ensure the protection of their life, liberty and possessions (Locke gives these assets the general name of Property). This agreement is known as a Social Contract (a device used frequently by philosophers). Locke wrote, â€Å"I take political power to be a right to make laws—with the death penalty and consequently all lesser penalties—for regulating and preserving property, and to employ the force of the community in enforcing such laws and defending the commonwealth from external attack; all this being only for the public good† (2nd Treatise, 3). This statement illustrates clearly what Locke saw as the role of government. Notice, however, that all the actions of the government are to confirm to a regard for the public good. The Social Contract only justifies the authority of a government that acts in the best interest of its subjects. Moreover, the government cannot usurp the property of a subject (unless the subject himself breaks the Social Contract). The right to property not only existed prior to the formation of the government, but it was also its sole purpose. Therefore, the subjects have the right to rebel if the government does not honor the Social Contract, and damages their property. Locke’

Friday, September 6, 2019

Death on Pine street Essay Example for Free

Death on Pine street Essay In this essay I will be comparing two detective stories. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles story The Speckled Band was written in the 1890s and set in England. It follows Sherlock Holmes as he investigates the unusual death of a young woman. Through clever logic he manages to solve the case entirely by simply investigating the scene of the crime. Death on Pine Street was written in the 1930s and set in America. The detective in this is a more street-wise roughed up detective, investigating the murder of a womans husband. His sly and even dishonest methods of investigation solve the case, however there are a few complexities. Both stories are first person narratives. In The Speckled Band Dr. Watson is the narrator but in Death on Pine Street, the Op himself tells us the story. This means that in the Holmes story the reader is kept in the dark about what is happening because we only know what Watson knows and, therefore, have to wait to the end of the story for Holmes to explain how he solved the crime to Watson. In the other story, because the Op is the narrator we know what he is thinking and what is happening to him. This different style works well, because although we know what he is thinking, we still have to wait to the end for the Op to explain how he solved the crime to the police; this way it doesnt ruin the element of interest that keeps the reader going on. The detectives in the two stories, Sherlock Holmes and the Continental Op, have some things in common, but are also very different characters. This is due to the very different places and times in which the stories are set. Both are private detectives solving crimes for money. They are both loners with no wives, families or girlfriends. They are both quick thinking, clever and observant they see clues and evidence that nobody else can see. They are both brave and strong, and can use weapons and know how to defend themselves. These are important factors in a good detective, which I think is why they share these traits whilst being from such different places and times. Sherlock Holmes was the first fictional detective ever, so it is probable that some of the inspiration for the Continental Op came from him. However they differ in many ways. Holmes is a more upper-class, well spoken and well-educated man. The Continental Op is more of a slang-talking, lower-class working man. He works for a company, and has to travel to meet clients. Holmes works from home; Miss Stoner comes to see him. He seems to do detective work simply for enjoyment, he tells Miss Stoner she need not pay him. Holmes seems more calm and collected, he doesnt carry a firearm or get into fisticuffs the Continental Op does both of these. Since Watson is narrating The Speckled Band, we get a good description of Holmes; the Continental Op does not describe himself at all infact the only description of him is given by the Tenant, referring to him as our little fat friend. The Continental Op is always skulking around bad areas and apartments, Holmes usually takes a safe journey to the scene of the crime (in this case a mansion). It is the difference in location and time that plays an integral part in shaping these completely different characters that share similar and almost universal traits. Death on Pine Street is set in America in the 1930s; this was during the Great Depression when times were very hard on people. Unemployment was high, many people could barely afford to live and so naturally people were more highstrung or ill-tempered, and crime rose. It was this kind of tough way of life that forms the environment and the character in Death on Pine Street. The Speckled Band is set in England, in the 1890s, a fine period for upper-class people. Holmes would have been raised comfortably, and it would not have been a necessity for him to be tough like the Continental Op. He does not deal in the same way as the Continental Op; he quietly investigates a single place, and works without any interrogations or interviews. This greatly seperates the feel of the story from Death on Pine Street, as the Continental Op interracts far more, with many more characters.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

History And Industry Trends Cisco Systems Inc Commerce Essay

History And Industry Trends Cisco Systems Inc Commerce Essay As a company that started from humble beginnings, Cisco has evolved and grown into the multinational networking and communications giant of today. In 1984, Leonard Bosack and Sandy Lerner, a couple working as computer staff members at Stanford University, created the startup known as Cisco Systems (Cisco systems). The companys first product was a multi-protocol router, which would set the tone for the coming years and helped outline its direction. Although Cisco has indulged in branching of products and dabbled in various market segments, networking primarily routers and switches have remained at its core. Cisco went public on February 16, 1990 and spent the remainder of the 90s ramping up for the Internet age (Cisco systems). It acquired numerous Ethernet and switching companies. By the time the dot-com boom rolled around, Cisco had implanted itself as a world leader: in order for the Internet to grow, many of Ciscos products were crucial to its infrastructure. This foundation-laying ideal positioned the company at the apex of the wave. In the spring of 2000, Cisco became the worlds most valuable company with a market capitalization of over $500 billion. In a move to increase the breadth of the brand and target consumers, Cisco rebranded itself in 2006 (and inclusively shortened its name from Cisco Systems). While primarily a business and enterprise oriented company, Cisco began its new initiative by acquiring home user minded names like Linksys and Flip Video. While the company has achieved phenomenal growth and successes, it is of course not without moments of decline. For example, the aforementioned Flip Video acquisition resulted in a flop, and was subsequently shutdown and dissolved in 2011 (Cisco discontinues flip, 2011). With this, Cisco announced that it would exit aspects of its consumer business which suggests a shift in focus. Once the dot-com boom was over and the bubble burst, Cisco experienced a major downturn and was forced to lay off almost 8000 employees and write down $2 billion in inventory (Fryer, 2008). This demonstrates the volatility of the technology industry and how important it is to forecast new trends. At the helm of the company, CEO John Chambers emphasizes on market transitions, quoting A market transition occurs when there is a subtle but clear disruptive shiftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A market transition gives you a glimpse of a new opportunity to take market share or move into new market adjacencies (Fryer, 2008). In the past, most businesses in the industry like Cisco followed market transitions directed by business now the industry has changed to follow consumers. Subtle discrepancies like this can spark differentiation of varying magnitude in order to capture new trends. By utilizing the VRIO framework, we can analyze Ciscos resource endowments and provide further insight on its background and competencies. While the company is differentiated in its products and services, not everyone of its resources is ranked highly on VRIO. Taking the Flip Video example, Cisco only received a temporary competitive advantage from it, and not a sustained one. The reason being, Flip cameras no longer became valuable nor rare. Smartphones were on the rise and contained built-in features that rendered Flip cameras redundant users could share videos and also capture them directly from their cellphones (Cisco discontinues flip, 2011). In comparison, Flip cameras were not perceived to be as valuable versus the time period before smartphones. Given this, these cameras were also not costly to imitate, since competitor manufacturers (market segment-wise) were implementing similar technologies already. By acquiring Flip Video in 2009, Cisco leveraged its business know-how an d infrastructure to demonstrate its capability to capture value. Flip cameras were at one point a popular commodity, but it soon tapered off once the previous 3 criterions of VRIO began to diminish. Once it came to this, Cisco was no longer able to capture its value and thus shutdown Flip. On the other hand, Ciscos router and switch resources provide the company a sustained competitive advantage and maintains high rankings in the VRIO analysis. Taking the Catalyst 6500 switch as an example, which was a key player during the dot-com boom (Cisco systems). Cisco strategically positioned itself with this switch and its other router technologies at this time, because Internet Service Providers necessitated an answer to the growing infrastructure demands. Resources like the 6500 provide Cisco with value. Over the years, Cisco has maintained a high-quality image and people equate its products as such. This increases its perceived value by consumers. For the most part, many of Ciscos resources are considered rare because although there are similar products from different competitors, the numbers are not great. Tying into the aforementioned rarity, due to the complex and continuously evolving nature of these high technologies, they are very costly to imitate. As a firm in general, Cisco has been organized to capture value on many of its products. Juniper Networks is one of Ciscos main competitors, and came out with products that siphoned away 30% of the switching and routing market share. In the end, Cisco was able to edge itself back into the leader seat by innovating and releasing upgrades to existing lines. To expand on Ciscos differentiation strategy and its diverse portfolio of product ranges, 3 market segments are targeted. The primary market for the firm is the corporate market, or large businesses. Cisco sells a multitude of products and services for this segment, ranging from borderless network solutions to collaboration suites like the IP phones and TelePresence video conferencing units (Collaboration products and,). Many of these products are sold to large enterprises like Bank of America, ATT, and General Electric. The contracts Cisco holds with these types of companies create a large bulk of its focus. Referring back to the dot-com boom case, Cisco sold its network solutions to many ISPs and ultimately catalyzed its market capitalization and proliferation to being the worlds most valuable company at the time. Aside from the corporate market, Cisco also offers less intensive and lighter scale solutions for small businesses in order to encompass a more diverse group of consumers. The company offers a variant of its routers and switches that are reduced in size and capabilities, but work for smaller networks. The WebEx web conferencing service is a popular offering (its technology was garnered through an acquisition), which allows users to seamlessly collaborate and share. Although Cisco made an effort to enter the home user market in 2006, with its The Human Network campaign, it is reassessing the scope of this venture (Cisco systems). As shown by Flip, the margins that Cisco requires to operate at a desired efficiency are not as great in the home user segment. Many of the companys pursuits in this area proved to be short-lived. While the TelePresence video conferencing suites originated as a corporate-oriented product, Cisco tried adopting it to the home users by offering Umi (Collaboration products and,). Unfortunately, this effort was not successful as the competition was too great and the offering was not valuable enough to consumers. At its heart, Cisco maintains its competitive advantages primarily through its business and corporate solutions. Macroeconomic Analysis PESTEL A firms macro environment consists of a wide range of political, economic, sociocultural, technological, ecological, and legal (PESTEL) factors that can affect industry and firm performance. These external forces have both domestic and global aspects. (Strategic Management Concept Textbook) Pestel stands for political, economic, sociocultural, technological, environmental and legal issues that the government can act on the Companys decisions or performances. Usually most of the articles from Wall Street Journal can be applied by Pestel Analysis. Political Political consideration that affect service provider and government spending patterns( Annual Report, pg.37) is one of the reason why Cisco believes that their company can be harmed by the economic and political reasons. Economic Cisco System explained how the fluctuation in the future with their stock price could happen due to uncertain global economic environment in their Annual report. They believe there are lots of risks on uncertainty of the global economic environment. As we see in their stock chart that they have had hard time during economic crisis of 2008. Stock analysis is provided under financial analysis section in detail of this report. The explanation about the fluctuations on currency exchange rates which are making negative impact on their financial reports is an example of how the economic changes can affect the companys financial well-being. Despite the fact that reason for this fluctuation is due to big portion of global expanding. However for this problem they found a solution by entering into the foreign exchange forward contracts and by reducing the short term impact on certain foreign currency receivables, payables and investments. (Annual Report, pg.38) Sociocultural Cisco System, the Cisco Foundation, UNIFEM (United Nations Development Fund for Women) and the Government of the Jordan helped women in the Jordan to get into technology study and work as IT or ICT- Information Community Technology. In 2001 and 2002 they had a program to let the women in Jordan to be trained and work as much as men. In this sociocultural issue Cisco System had a great job involving in this program. Geographic, social, economic and racial boundaries are eliminated as the program extends to 149 countries with more than 10,000 Academies across the globe. (The Women in Jordan, 2001) So the company extended that program and it affected their social, economic and racial boundaries. Technological Continuity innovation in technology of network industry and uncertainties of the legal issues Cisco depends on the innovation more than the protection needed for their products and services by patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secret marks. Innovation is the key to be successful in the networking industry and Cisco has to rapidly innovate not to get in to the market, but also able to sustain competitive advantage. Environmental Cisco proudly partners with industry-leading companies to provide our customers with highly secure, interoperable smart grid solutions and services. We understand that modernizing the electric utility infrastructure around the world-from generation at a power plant to consumption in a home or business-is a huge undertaking. It requires the skills and expertise of many people to deliver on the promise of a smart grid. (Cisco website) Legal Most of the Ciscos products has software or licensed by the third party. Legally they have been sued several times regarding violation of the federal securities law, waste of corporate asset, unjust enrichment, breach of fiduciary duties, and violation of the California Corporation Code. In addition they also had litigations of ordinary course of business, and intellectual property. They did not able to see any effect financially in their annual report, but it might affect their mission already. That can affect their stocks as well as their financial situations. (Annual Report 126,127) Financial Analysis Stock Stock Performance Graph Analysis (Annual Report page 46) The comparison with Cisco System, SP and SP Information Technology shows us that Cisco has a return of stockholders much lower than compare to SP and SP Information Technology. This Yahoo Finance Chart also shows that Cisco Stock Price had a problem right after 2008 just like other companies due to economic crisis on 2008, and got better later on. All the competitors recovered faster than Cisco after 2009 and continue to get well except HP. As of January 15, 2013 Cisco had a price of $20.98 while Hewlett Packard $16.53, Juniper Network 21.01. Revenue Compare to 2011, 2012 Revenue is increased about 7%. Cisco had 46.1 billion net sales and 12% increase on service revenue. Most of the revenue they received last year was from switching market and NGN Routing. They believe they can increase their revenue since they are into changing their strategies and innovating. Current Asset/ Current Liability Ratio Analysis Cisco has a quick ratio of 2012 3.49%. (61,933 / 17,731 = 3.49) Since it is more than one that means they can pay their current debt easily with their current assets. Since they have good amount of cash equivalency they need to invest more to increase and expand their company. Employees