Wednesday, December 25, 2019

Quit Smoking Case Study Essay - 4989 Words

Case study- Quit Smoking A young adult man met his primary care physician for the first time, during which his prior military history came to light. The young man recalled the anxiety he experienced when he received his military orders for deployment to Iraq. Prior to the notice of deployment, he smoked cigarettes only occasionally, maybe 1 or 2 cigarettes a day. As the time for deployment approached, he started smoking more cigarettes and by the time he arrived in Iraq was up to a full pack a day. Throughout the 12-month deployment, he steadily increased his smoking with peak consumption of nearly 40 cigarettes a day. The soldier suffered several significant combat-related traumas resulting in mild physical injuries. Upon return to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Advise to quit through personalized messages. †¢ Assess willingness to quit. †¢ Assist with quitting. †¢ Arrange follow-up care and support. Brief behavioral counseling (ie, under 10 min) and pharmacotherapy are each effective alone—although they are most effective when used together.[12] The task force also advises clinicians to ask all pregnant women, regardless of age, about tobacco use. Those who currently smoke should receive pregnancy-tailored counseling supplemented with self-help materials. Understanding the benefits and limitations of the available medications provides an important foundation for such a successful smoking cessation program. Assess smoking history, level of addiction, and the health status of the patient. See the image below. After the assessment, intervene with education and advice. [pic]Smoking cessation strategies for clinicians. Educate patients about the benefits of smoking cessation and the cessation process. Provide a description of the expected withdrawal syndrome. Continue with a discussion of the possible cessation methods, which include counseling, nicotine replacement, antidepressant medications, behavioral training, group therapy, hypnosis, and quitting cold turkey. †¢ More than 90% of patients who attempt to quit smoking stop cold turkey. †¢ Professional group therapy or counseling achieves a 60-100% initial cessation rate and a 1-year cessation rate of approximately 20%. †¢ Hypnosis and acupuncture are popular programs thatShow MoreRelatedCase Study- Quit Smoking Essay2215 Words   |  9 PagesCASE STUDY TITLE- Quit Smoking ABSTRACT H (Pseudonym) is a 32 years old male nurse working on a children’s ward as a temporary bank nurse at the local hospital. He heard of me through a member of our local community whereupon he phoned me towards the end of April 2012, with a long history of smoking up to 40 cigarettes daily, wishing for help to Quit Smoking due to the total ban on Smoking introduced at the hospital and other issues relating to smoking. IRead MoreA Single Case Study Using Cognitive Behavioral Techniques to Quit Smoking3341 Words   |  13 PagesSingle Case Study Using Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques to Quit Smoking Cigarette smoking is a leading public health issue worldwide and has a negative impact on the health of millions of individuals each year (American Cancer Society, 2007). The health related effects from cigarette smoking include cancer, hypertension, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, cigarette smoking is an addictive behavior (American Psychological Association [APA], 2000). Millions of people attempt to quit smokingRead MoreSmoking Essay1207 Words   |  5 PagesHow to Quit Smoking The smoking problem has become quite prevalent in our society. Several governments have had problems dealing with a huge healthcare burden due to diseases and conditions brought about by smoking. At the same time, individuals suffer several addictive and health issues due to smoking. While this information may be apparent to most of the smokers, studies have found that quitting a smoking habit is quite a challenge. The reason behind such challenge is attributed to Nicotine. NicotineRead MoreThe Problem Of Electronic Cigarettes1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbegan buying cigarettes and smoking regularly throughout the day. It progressed to smoking a pack per week. I knew it was a terrible habit and I was ashamed of it. The hardest part was hiding it from friends and family hoping they would not find out. I came to the realization that I had to quit. It was not as easy as I had anticipated it to be. A friend of mine named Issack showed me this new thing he was trying called vaping.He was a smoker too but he stopped smoking cigarettes and started vapingRead MoreThe Conduct Of Randomized Clinical Trials On E Cigarettes1147 Words   |  5 Pagesand in our case, e-cigarettes evolve so quickly that it is highly probable new devices with different characteristics to be available by the end of the trial. Furthermore, their findings may not reliable predict effectiveness in real world, as important features such as effects from the social and economic environment are not represented. Thus, in contrast to the much complex randomized controlled studies, observational studies are easierRead MoreSmoking Banning Public Areas Yield Positive Effects For All1211 Words   |  5 PagesSmoking Bans in Public Areas Yield Positive Effects For All One of the major reasons for death and preventable diseases is tobacco use. Just in the United States of America, smoking has found to be the cause of â€Å"over 40,000 deaths due to heart disease and over 200,000 episodes of childhood asthma per year† (Naiman et al 1). Some of these cases could be specifically linked to secondhand smoke, â€Å"defined as an involuntary exposure to a combination of diluted cigarette side stream smoke and the exhaledRead MoreEssay on The Difficulty in Quitting Smoking1350 Words   |  6 PagesThe Difficulty in Quitting Smoking Smoking is terrible. Statistically speaking, smoking is the most dangerous thing that we can choose to do with our own health. Yet so many people still smoke. The author will confess that he too is a smoker, but as a smoker, I feel shame about it under certain circumstances. It is a personal choice in my life, yet there is nothing but social pressure to conform and quit. Smokers make up 23% of the Canadian population, most likely more as a smokers wasRead MoreThe Effects Of Smoking Ban On Employees And Passive Smokers At Work Place And Home1295 Words   |  6 Pages Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban Contents Investigating the effects of Workplace Smoking Ban 1 Aim and Objectives 1 Literature Review / Research Background 2 Research Rationale 3 Learning Outcomes 3 Study Design 4 Type of Study 4 Type of Design 4 Data Types 4 Ethics 5 Risk 5 Required Resources 5 Research Time Frame 5 References 6 Aim and Objectives The kay aim of the research is to investigate the effects of smoking ban at work place on employees and these effects may includeRead MoreSmoking Is The Single Largest Preventable Cause Of Death And Disease1151 Words   |  5 Pageschemicals, and people still choose to smoke it. Smoking can cause many diseases and illnesses that can certainly lead to death varying on the case. Tobacco blackens the lungs and hurts the health of others nearby. It also takes away all of their money for other items. Quitting smoking will benefit them with better health, they won’t give others secondhand smoke, and they will have more spending money. In order to get started, I recommend them to quit on their own, or find a hobby they like to do.Read MoreDisease Study: Lung Cancer1390 Words   |  6 Pagesaddressed in Whiteside, et als (2007) report, the top three of which will be discussed here. These factors included tobacco use, sun exposure, and the lack of physical activity on a regular basis . Smoking has been a concern when it comes to cancer for some time, because studies have consistently shown that smoking is bad for the heart and lungs, as well as other systems within the body (Thun, Hannan, Adams-Campbell, et al, 2008). The majority of people who contract lung cancer each year are smokers,

Monday, December 16, 2019

Steep Roads in South Africa Sani Pass Should be Tarred...

The focus of this research project is weather Sani Pass should be tarred or not. This steep road was first built in 1948 by Godfrey Edmunds, who saw the opportunity to trade with the Basotho people who live in Lesotho. The people formerly travelled by foot and donkey down into South Africa to trade their products such as sheep wool and homemade products. This road was built following the contours of the river and this caused major problems such as flooding and snow or ice on the road, causing a loss of livestock and lives. The road being so dangerous was reconstructed by a man named David Alexander; this is the road we use today. It is still a steep gradient path and a 4X4 vehicle with very skilled driving is required to get up and down†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ There are detailed articles on the topic of weather Sani Pass should be tarred or not. †¢ Many interviews and questions were done on the field trip with our specific tour guides. Validity of investigation: A large amount of the information is based on primary research. The interview is very reliable as it is from a qualified engineer and has a large amount of knowledge in this specific area and the interview was recorded first hand. All the pictures were personally taken while on the field trip so they are real and reliable and have not been altered. The worksheet that was completed during the field trip is an extremely reliable source as it was answered by experienced tour guides who understand and know Sani Pass and its behaviour extremely well. The articles that are used are reliable as they are from local Newspapers and are conducted through interviews and questionnaires. All information is dependable as it is first hand and primary research and cannot be altered or false such as many internet sources. Review of Literature The focus of this project is weather Sani Pass should be tarred or not and this has been examined by observing the advantages and disadvantages of socio-economic and climate factors with many newspaper and magazine articles over the past few years. According to an article written in the Mercury, November 13 2012 This article was written in 2009 for the Witness

Sunday, December 8, 2019

The winters tale A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay Example For Students

The winters tale A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare Essay A monologue from the play by William Shakespeare HERMIONE: Since what I am to say must be but thatWhich contradicts my accusation, andThe testimony on my part no otherBut what comes from myself, it shall scarce boot meTo say, Not guilty. Mine integrity,Being counted falsehood, shall, as I express it,Be so received. But thus: if powers divineBehold our human actions, as they do,I doubt not then but innocence shall makeFalse accusation blush and tyrannyTremble at patience. You, my lord, best know,Who least will seem to do so, my past lifeHath been as continent, as chaste, as true,As I am now unhappy; which is moreThan history can pattern, though devisedAnd played to take spectators. For behold meA fellow of the royal bed, which oweA moiety of the throne, a great kings daughter,The mother to a hopeful prince here standingTo prate and talk for life and honor foreWho please to come and hear. For life, I prize itAs I weigh grief, which I would spare. For honor,Tis a derivative from me to mine,And only that I stand for. I appealTo your own conscience, sir, before PolixenesCame to your court, how I was in your grace,How merited to be so; since he came,With what encounter so uncurrent IHave strained t appear thus; if one jot beyondThe bound of honor, or in act or willThat way inclining, hardened be the heartsOf all that hear me, and my nearst of kinCry fie upon my grave!

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Louisiana Purchase free essay sample

Jefferson wanted to either expand land Or have other nations rule in the new mother land. After the purchase was done Thomas Jefferson had requested for the explore Meriwether Lewis and asked Meriwether Lewis to go explore the new land. Meriwether Lewis received help from Sewage who translated to other tribes for food and trading Sewage taught Lewis and Clark how to fish ,hunt and also how to grow crops, Sewage taught Lewis and Clark the basic skills to live off the land to make sure Lewis and Clark could survive off the land .Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark owe to use other resources to make sure that Lewis and Clark stayed healthy and keep them safe from harm on the excursion through the dangerous native filled land. Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark the After Meriwether Lewis and Clark came back, people started to move west and that is when the population started to grow. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain new and stronger allies. President Thomas Jefferson is showing that he had made so pretty big accomplishments in his presidency. At Americas youth, President Jefferson, in one of his greatest achievements, more than doubled the size of the United States at a time when the young nations population growth was beginning to quicken (Louisiana Purchase 1). Selling most of what they owned in the new nation, the nation of France sold 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River to the United States of America in a treaty commonly known as the Louisiana Purchase (Louisiana Purchase).Jefferson had made some pretty big leaps by helping expand the size of the United States by double the size and France made a Treaty with America called Louisiana Purchase. Even being across the Atlantic Ocean, France controlled the vast stretches of land west of the Mississippi From 1699 until 1762, the year it gave the land to its Spanish all)/ (Louisiana Purchase 1). This new purchase consisted of much of the new nation, the Louisiana purchase stretched from the Mississippi river to the beginning of the Rocky Mountains (Louisiana Purchase 1).France had most of the United States owned then they passed it on to Spanish to have control over the land, Louisiana Purchase was from Mississippi to Rocky Mountains. Unfortunately without any authorization, [and] with no time to consult their government, Monroe and Livingston went ahead and closed the deal for $15 million (Dander et al. 201). Finally the purchase was completed, France officially transferred the territory to the Americans on December 20th, and the United States took formal possession on December 30th (Purdue 69).Jefferson sent Monroe to go buy the land and he got the deal for a pretty cheap price of $1 5 million dollars after everything was said and done United States took control of the Purchase in December 30th. United States of America got this land for a very reasonable price if America wouldve waited Jefferson wouldnt have got this land . France gave up a lot of land for a cheap price and Jefferson capitalized on the big accomplishment. After giving them the land in the first place, in 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded Spain to return the Louisiana Territory (Dander et al. 01). Fortunately Napoleon got his way, in 1801 , Spain signed a secret treaty with France to return Louisiana Territory to France (Monroe 4). France and Spain made a secret treaty behind the United States to give all the land back to France. With all the secretive meetings and untrustworthy treaties, to settle the matter by peaceful measures, President Jefferson in January 1803 appointed Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to aid Robert R. Livingston In purchasing the territory at the mouth of the Mississippi (Monroe 4).Needing a companion on this important trip, Monroe joined Livingston in Paris on April 12, and the two ministers, on finding Napoleon willing to dispose of the entire province of Louisiana, decided to exceed their instructions and effect its purchase (Monroe 4). Jefferson made Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to solve the whole treaty issue that France made with the United States. Getting there just a little too late, by the time that Monroe arrived in Paris in April 1 803, Napoleon had decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the united States (Dander et al. 01). Making things short and sweet, on May 2, 1803, they signed a treaty and two conversations whereby France sold Louisiana to the United States (Monroe 4). Monroe got to France and already heard that France sold the Louisiana Purchase United States of America. Once America Purchased this land Jefferson had to sign a treaty, to make sure America wouldnt take over the land America wasnt given . France took over the Louisiana territory from the Indians.France had given up everything, in 1 762, during the French and Indian War, France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi Riveter Spain and in 1 763 transferred nearly all of its remaining North American holdings to Great Britain (Louisiana Purchase 1). Knowing that this was an important purchase for the new nation, in a letter to U. S. Minister to France, Robert Livingston, Americas third President Thomas Jefferson, stated, The day that France takes possession of New Orleans E must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation' (Louisiana Purchase 1 After conquering the Native Americans France took all of the land and gave some of it to Spain. People tried to rush the process, [even] though rumors of the purchase preceded notification from Monroe and Livingston, their message reached Washington in time for an official announcement on July 4, 1803 (Purdue 69). With much going on at the time for the French nation, France was slow in taking control of Louisiana, UT in 1802, Spanish authorities, revoked a U. S. Spanish treaty that granted Americans the right to store goods in New Orleans (Louisiana Purchase 1). When Spain heard that France sold the land to America Spain didnt agree with the treat with France. Due dates were coming up soon, [and] the purchase treaty had to be ratified by the end of October, which gave Jefferson and his Cabinet time to deliberate the issues of boundaries and constitutionally (Purdue 67). Making all of the hard work and everything put into the purchase final, the Senate ratified the treaty on October 20th by a tote of 24 to 7 (Purdue 69).When Jefferson heard that Spain revoked the Treaty Jefferson only had a little bit of time to make boundaries for the new land Jefferson had purchased. France had fought for the land against the Native Americans because France probably thought that if the land is theirs France can sell it back to America for a really high price . The Louisiana Purchase benefited us in many ways. The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain more technology through out time. This benefited our society a lot. Louisiana Purchase free essay sample As well as the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican- American War and the Californian Gold Rush of 1848, the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Exodus movement from 1879 were all key turning points which eloped the process of Westward Expansion. The key criteria for judging a turning point is if the event created opportunities to go west, if it opened up land to settle in and if it had a psychological impact on the nation. The Louisiana Purchase was a very significant event as it increased the size of the United States by double overnight for only $15 million.This was a key turning point in expansion as it opened up a huge amount of land for more settlers (an extra 828,000 square miles). Alongside this it created opportunities for people to travel west as it gave access to the Mississippi river which was important for travel and commerce. This purchase was also significant in the fact that it created a more secure environment for settlers as it eliminated the French from imperial competition, Jefferson believed the French were restricting US commerce and that they tried to control surrounding territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore this event affected the process of change as it allowed America to spread its resources and encouraged people to move west, such as the Indians which were encouraged to settle there. The most important reason for this event being a turning point was that it opened up a large amount of and to settle in, a lot of the further events which take place would not have happened if it wasnt for this territory being the United States and so provided many reasons for expansion to continue. Another key event which took place was the Mexican American War of 1 848 which begun because Texas was a gateway to the pacific and was a great agricultural prospect. This was a key turning point as it had a big psychological impact on the people of America as many believed in the Manifest destiny, in that America had a right to expand, and so supported the annexation of Texas which increased their purists on westward settlement. Polk deliberately provoked a war as he knew they could easily be overcome.The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848 which ceded California, Texas and New Mexico. Another reason for this being a turning point is that it gave access to the pacific meaning that farming was capable so created further opportunities to go west and again meant that transportation was made easier for commerce. The key reason this was a turning point was manifest destiny which was completed after this event. America had managed to secure land coast-to-coast which was a huge psychological moral boost for America who now knew they had a lot of power with a lot of land. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo led to California being ceded to America. In 1848 there was the Californian Gold rush which primarily lasted until the early 1 asss with millions of families traveling from around the world to California and surrounding areas in search for fortune. In 1850, California (now a new state) had nearly 40% foreign born inhabitants, showing that this event increased the diversity of people settling West, but also inspired many to go as they believed a new life could be made from theGold being found. Furthermore it dramatically increased the speed of people moving out west, by 1853 the population was approximately 250,000 whereas in 1848 the Californian territory had less than 1000 inhabitants. The Gold caused a great economic boom which created infrastructures leading to many people settling here and encouraged more to move west. The Californian Gold Rushs most important reason that it is a turning point in west;radar expansion is that it created opportunitie s.It allowed people to make a lot of money from the Gold, but also from new businesses which were now being rated due to a new market of people, and because of this and the great boom, many people started to settle here at a very fast rate. In 1 862 the Homestead Act was put into place, this allowed farmers to acquire 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years, or for 6 months with an additional payment of $1. 25 per acre. This was significant as it allowed small scale settlement to develop.In some ways this could be seen as a turning point as it gave farmers a chance to be economically dependent, which gave them opportunities to expand or to do other thing with their money. It also inspired any people to go west and take up these lands which could be seen from figures that show that 400,000 families set up there taking 285 million acres of land. On the other hand, there were points which showed that this wasnt as significant as it seemed.Most significantly, there was a 43% failure rate for those trying to get land in Nebraska under the Homestead Act showing that it wasnt as easy to settle west as the act tried to make it. Furthermore, land was put into the hands of men who had no sufficient foresight so even though this land was meant for farming, many people who didnt know what to do with it kook it up and eventually a lot of the land went to waste.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Danka for Thank You, Bitteschön for Youre Welcome

Danka for Thank You, Bitteschà ¶n for You're Welcome Courtesy is important no matter what country youre visiting. In Germany, however, there is greater emphasis on formalities and speaking to people in die Hà ¶flichkeitsform:  addressing acquaintances, colleagues, and people you dont know with Sie as opposed to du/ you, which is reserved more for family and close friends.The same goes when expressing thank you and youre welcome in German. There is a more formal way and a less formal way of stating these expressions. Below you will find a list divided as such, however many expressions are fine in both situations since just simply stating thank you and youre welcome is polite in and of itself. The most important thing to keep in mind is to use Sie/Ihnen and du as appropriate. (Please note that the translations are not always literal, but rather an English equivalent.) More Formal Ways of Saying Thank You: Most common: Dankeschà ¶n, Danke sehr Other ways: Schà ¶nen Dank (Many thanks)Besten Dank (Best of thanks)Haben Sie vielen Dank! (Many thanks)Ich bin Ihnen sehr dankbar (Im very grateful/thankful to you)Ich danke Ihnen (I thank you)Herzlichen Dank (Heartfelt thanks)Ein herzliches Dankeschà ¶n (My/Our heartfelt thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks), Ich danke Ihnen vielmals Vielen Dank (Many thanks) Less Formal Ways of Saying Thank You DankeVielen Dank (Many thanks)Danke vielmals (Many thanks)Tausend Dank (Thanks a million) More Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitteschà ¶n Bitte sehrGern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Mit Vergnà ¼gen (With pleasure) Less Formal Ways of Saying Youre Welcome Bitte Gern geschehen (It was my pleasure)Gern (shortened form of Gern geschehen)Nichts zu danken (Dont mention it.)Schon gut (Thats fine. No problem)Kein Problem (No problem) You may need some other words for polite conversation, including understanding how to say please in German.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Gagner (to Win) in French French verbs tend to be a challenge for students. While the conjugations of  gagner  are rather common, remembering that it means to win or to earn is a bit more difficult. Yet, by the time youre done learning how to conjugate  gagner  to mean won or will earn, it will be implanted in your memory. Conjugating the French Verb  Gagner Gagner  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows a very common verb conjugation pattern. In fact, the majority of French verbs use the same endings youll learn here and that makes each new one just a little easier to remember. Whenever we begin a conjugation, its important to recognize the verb stem. In this case, its  gagn-. With that bit of knowledge, we can add a variety of endings that match both the subject pronoun and the tense of the sentence. For instance, I am winning is je gagne and we will win is nous gagnerons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je gagne gagnerai gagnais tu gagnes gagneras gagnais il gagne gagnera gagnait nous gagnons gagnerons gagnions vous gagnez gagnerez gagniez ils gagnent gagneront gagnaient The Present Participle of  Gagner The  present participle  of  gagner  is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem, giving us  gagnant. Its a very useful word that stretches beyond the verb usage. You may also find it helpful as an adjective, gerund, or noun. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common past tense form used in French. To construct it, begin by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  gagnà ©. For example, I won is jai gagnà © and we earned is nous avons gagnà ©. More Simple  Gagner  Conjugations to Learn While those forms of  gagner  are most important, there are a few more conjugations you should consider learning. In conversation, for instance, you can imply a degree of uncertainty or dependency by using either the subjunctive verb mood or the conditional. If you read a lot of French, you will encounter the passà © simple. Likewise, the imperfect  subjunctive is a literary tense and its a good idea to be able to recognize these. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je gagne gagnerais gagnai gagnasse tu gagnes gagnerais gagnas gagnasses il gagne gagnerait gagna gagnt nous gagnions gagnerions gagnmes gagnassions vous gagniez gagneriez gagntes gagnassiez ils gagnent gagneraient gagnrent gagnassent To use  gagner  in short statements, use the imperative form and skip the subject pronoun. Instead of tu gagne, use gagne alone. Imperative (tu) gagne (nous) gagnons (vous) gagnez

Thursday, November 21, 2019

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two essay

VIII Hazadous Chemical Chemistry multiple choice and two questions - Essay Example By applying the inverse square law here, with an initial reading of 6300R at a distance of 1 foot, then at 3 foot after applying the inverse square law of radiation i.e. I=Io/r2, the Geiger Counter would show a reading of 700R. A unique characteristic of radioactive elements is that they continue to emit radioactive rays which causes them to decay. Time after which the number of atoms of a radioactive substance are reduced to half is known as Half-Life. The half-life of plutonium is around 87.7 years. So if Dr. Brown has 1.2 x 106 atoms of plutonium in 1985, we can calculate the number of atoms of plutonium after 352 years to be 74292.Plutonium-238 is a radioisotope which has an atomic number of 94. Now we know that the atomic number of an element identifies its protons and electron so the number of protons in Plutonium-239 is 94. Atomic weight of plutonium-238 is 238 and atomic weight is a sum of protons and neutron. So to find the number of neutrons we would have to subtract number of protons i.e. 94 from the atomic weight i.e. 238 and we would get 144 which is the number of neutrons in plutonium 238. Ans. Different levels of exposure to radiation have different effects on the human body for example, radiation levels of 10-50 cause nausea, vomiting and alters blood chemistry whereas levels higher than this such as 55-75 lead to nausea, vomiting, hair loss, fatigue and weakness. When the level of radiation is increased at 90-100 the effects become a little dangerous such as hemorrhage. On further increase in the level of radiation such as 100-400, a person may even die with complications of severe hemorrhage. 1000 level of radiation would prove fatal with internal bleeding, rupture of the internal lining of the GIT, and would eventually cause death. CNS breakdown with destruction of neurons is observed on an exposure to the level of 2000 or more (epa.org). The incidents of Chernobyl and Three Mile Island in the years 1986 and 1979 provide us

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Positive Psych Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Positive Psych - Essay Example In any sphere of performance, this would require the leader to assume accountability for his role, provide appropriate guidance and coaching, and immense motivation. Applying situational leadership to Wiegand and Geller’s (2005) predicament on positive reinforcement gives this argument a stronger base. For instance, Wiegand and Geller (2005) emphasize the need for learning-based focus, goal-setting, planning, self-monitoring, and persistence to attain personal mastery, an important indicator for positive reinforcement. By adopting situational leadership, the leader assumes both directive and supportive roles depending upon the situation and the individual. For a starter, the leader is more directive as well as supportive thus providing a direction; guiding the individual through the task, and providing feedback. For an established performer, the leader will have to delegate tasks, monitor and acknowledge his/her performance. In both situations, the leader is being effective in achieving desired outcomes. Secondly, Wiegand and Geller (2005) indicate the need for personal control through tasks, opportunities and involvement in order for individuals to be motivated coupled with consistent feedback (Wiegand and Geller, 2005). Situational leadership explains when and why tasks and opportunities may be given to individuals; these aspects are not explained in both style and contingency approaches. Thirdly, reduction in anxiety and fear of failure is also accomplished by adopting a supportive role by the leader based on situation, which will enhance achievement motivation in individuals. The style approach explains nature and behavior of the leaders, but with little emphasis on situations and also does not consider developmental level of the followers. Northouse (2009) indicates that the style approach is only descriptive of leadership behavior but does not prescribe what

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Write the Short Essay on Places of Interest in Your Town Essay Example for Free

Write the Short Essay on Places of Interest in Your Town Essay The population of Kuala Lumpur is a unique and evenly balanced mixture of Malay, Chinese, Indian and sundry ethnicities. Conversations, manners and food throughout the city as well as the patience and insouciance to which travellers are exposed contain healthy doses of this cultural amalgamation. Batu Caves Kuala Lumpur is located approximately 11 kilometres to the north of Kuala Lumpur, Batu Caves is a limestone hill comprising three major caves and a number of smaller ones. Considered one of Kuala Lumpur’s most frequented tourist attractions, this 100-year-old temple features idols and statues erected inside the main caves and around it. Incorporated with interior limestone formations said to be around 400 million years old, the temple is considered an important religious landmark by Hindus. Central Market Kuala Lumpur located along Jalan Hang Kasturi – only a few minutes away from Petaling Street – is the renowned Central Market. Also known as Pasar Seni, this market is one of Kuala Lumpur’s most familiar landmarks as well as a popular tourist attraction. In the past it was a simple wet market yet today it is a permanent structure that houses all sorts of traders – you can find an assortment of merchandise here that ranges from handicrafts and souvenirs to authentic Malaysian batik prints. Chow Kit Market located at the northern end of Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit is acknowledged as one of Malaysia’s most infamous landmarks. Even though it may not be as well known by tourists in comparison to its starlet cousin, Petaling Street – which is located within the same area – it is definitely exciting although not for the faint hearted. Chow Kit is divided into two fairly detached halves. The first half is home to some of KL’s most sordid avenues while the other part plays host to a bazaar that is perhaps KL’s most popular. Istana Budaya is Malaysia’s National Theatre. Also known as The Palace of Culture, it towers over the National Art Gallery on Jalan Tun Razak. Built in 1999, it is the country’s main venue for local and international music, dance and drama performances, including operettas, classical concerts and more.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Juvenile Psychopaths :: Violent Crimes Teenagers Morals Essays

Juvenile Psychopaths What is the "super predator"? He or she are young hypercriminals who are committing acts of violence of unprecedented coldness and brutality. This newest phenomena in the world of crime is perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing society and law enforcement ever. While psychopaths are not new, this breed of super criminal exceeds the scope of psychopathic behavior. They are younger, more brutal, and completely unafraid of the law. While current research on the super predator is scarce, I will attempt to give an indication as to the reasons a child could become just such a monster. Violent teenage criminals are increasingly vicious. John DiIulio, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University, says that "The difference between the juvenile criminals of the 1950s and those of the 1970s and early 1980s was the difference between the Sharks and the Jets of West Side Story and the Bloods and the Crips. It is not inconceivable that the demographic surge of the next ten years will bring with it young criminals who make the Bloods and the Crips look tame." (10) They are what Professor DiIulio and others call urban "super predators"; young people, often from broken homes or so-called dysfunctional families, who commit murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and other violent acts. These emotionally damaged young people, often are the products of sexual or physical abuse. They live in an aimless and violent present; have no sense of the past and no hope for the future; they commit unspeakably brutal crimes against other people, often to gratify whatever urges or desires drive them at the moment and their utter lack of remorse is shocking.(9) Studies reveal that the major cause of violent crime is not poverty but family breakdown - specifically, the absence of a father in the household. Today, right now, one-fourth of all the children in the United States are living in fatherless homes - this adds up to 19 million children without fathers. Compared to children in two parent family homes, these children will be twice as likely to drop out of school, twice as likely to have children out of wedlock, and they stand more than three times the chance of ending up in poverty, and almost ten times more likely to commit violent crime and ending up in jail. (1) The Heritage Foundation - a Conservative think tank - reported that the rise in violent crime over the past 30 years runs directly

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Geographic Factors

Geographical features are the components of the Earth. There are two types of geographical features, namely natural geographical features and artificial geographical features. Natural geographical features include but are not limited to landforms and ecosystems. For example, terrain types, bodies of water, natural units (consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical factors of the environment) are natural geographical features. Meanwhile, human settlements, engineered constructs, etc. re types of artificial geographical features. Contents [hide] 1 Natural geographical features 1. 1 Ecosystems 1. 2 Landforms 2 Artificial geographical features 2. 1 Settlements 2. 2 Engineered constructs 3 Cartographical features 4 See also 5 References [edit]Natural geographical features [edit]Ecosystems Main article: Ecosystem â€Å"Any unit that includes all of the organisms (ie: the â€Å"community†) in a given area the physical environment so that a flow of energy leads to clearly defined trophic structure, biotic diversity, and material cycles (i. e. exchange of materials between living and nonliving parts) within the system is an ecosystem. â€Å"[1] Living organisms are continually engaged in a set of relationships with every other element constituting the environment in which they exist, and â€Å"ecosystem† describes any situation where there is relationship between organisms and their environment. What makes them geographical features is that they are located A biome is a geographically defined area of ecologically similar communities of plants, animals, and soil organisms, often referred to as ecosystems.Biomes are defined based on factors such as plant structures (such as trees, shrubs, and grasses), leaf types (such as broadleaf and needleleaf), plant spacing (forest, woodland, savanna), and climate. Unlike ecozonse, biomes are not defined by genetic, taxonomic, or historical similarities. Biomes are often identified with particular patterns of ecological succession and climax vegetation. An ecosystem is also where animals live in biomes(Ocean, Deserts, Grasslands and so on) [edit]LandformsMain article: Landform A landform comprises a geomorphological unit, and is largely defined by its surface form and location in the landscape, as part of the terrain, and as such, is typically an element of topography. Landforms are categorised by features such as elevation, slope, orientation, stratification, rock exposure, and soil type. They include berms, mounds, hills, cliffs, valleys, rivers and numerous other elements. Oceans and continents are the highest-order landforms.A body of water is any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth. The term body of water most often refers to large accumulations of water, such as oceans, seas, and lakes, but it may also include smaller pools of water such as ponds, puddles or wetlands. Rivers, streams, ca nals, and other geographical features where water moves from one place to another are not always considered â€Å"bodies† of water, but are included here as geographical formations featuring water. [edit]Artificial geographical features edit]Settlements Main article: Human settlement A settlement is a permanent or temporary community in which people live. A settlement can range in size from a small number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. The medieval settlement research group (a British organisation)[2] includes as part of a settlement, associated features such as roads, enclosures, field systems, boundary banks and ditches, ponds, parks and woods, mills, manor houses, moats and churches. edit]Engineered constructs Main articles: Construction engineering, Building, and Nonbuilding structure See also: Infrastructure Engineered geographic features such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservo irs, which are part of the anthroposphere because they are man-made, are artificial geographic features. [edit]Cartographical features Main articles: Cartography and MapCartographical features are a type of abstract geographical feature – they appear on maps but not on the planet itself, even though they are located on the planet. For example, you can see the Equator on maps, but if you were actually standing on the Equator you wouldn't be able to see it, because it is an entirely theoretical line used for reference, navigation, and measurement. [edit]See also Geography Physical geography Human geography Landscape [edit]References ^ Odum EP (1234534971) of ecology, third editionSaunders New York ^ MSRG

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Tragedy Designed by Fate

Tragedy Designed by Fate book report on Jude the Obscure †a book Written by Thomas Hardy in the 19th century, Jude the Obscure is a masterpiece known by the world. It tells a story of Jude Fawley, the hero, and Sue, the heroine. Jude Fawley, a village stonemason, was always dreaming of going to the Christminster, a city modeled after Oxford. He spared no efforts to study Latin and Greek by himself. Although he was looked down upon by many people, he was still full of passion and confidence and eager to become a scholar. But his two-year- arriage with Arabella, a superficial woman who abandoned him later was terrible.Then he left for Christminster to pursue his goal and met his cousin Sue, his true love in the meanwhile. However, Jude failed in career and love, which I think were both fate-designed cases. No matter how diligent he was, Jude was impossible to get higher education because of his working-class Identity. university was only available for the upper-class. And this un fair fact couldnt be changed. In the first chapter, Jude's teacher Phillotson told him that he could choose his future by hard-working nd attending the university. But on the contrast, it adds to the tragic feature.Compared with Arabella, Sue was a free-spirited and well-educated woman. Before she and Jude lived together, Sue also experienced an unsatisfying marriage with Phillotson. So they were both afraid of getting married because they thought that marriage might ruin their love. They raised three kids including Jude's elder son delivered by Arabella. However. at the same time. they were at the mercy of social bias for their illegal relationship. They constantly suffered unemployment and had to ove from town to town, seeking employment and housing.Happy life no longer existed when Jude's elder son killed the other children and hung himself. The son left behind a note which simply read, â€Å"Done because we are too many. † I was astonished when I read this plot. The socia l pressure and their miserable experience even turned an Innocent boy to blame himself. That was cruel. After that, Sue suffered miscarriage, changed sharply and turned to church. She regarded their Illegal marriage as the sin of their children's deaths. At last, Sue remarried Phillotson as a alvation and Jude was lured by Arabella again.Jude drowned himself in the alcohol and after one desperate visit to Sue in freezing weather, Jude became seriously ill, ending his life miserably. I think their tragic life was victim of the age when Christianity was of great power. With the strict social rules, they could hardly fight back. What they could do In difficulties was to listen to the god and walt to see what would happen. Those invisible forces were even able to transform a person who used to be intelligent, open-minded and passionate into a numb and dead-alive person. port on Jude the Obscure By shirley_zy68 —-a book report on Jude the Obscure †-a book higher education be cause of his working-class identity. University was only available for the upper-class. And this unfair fact couldn't be changed. In the first chapter, delivered by Arabella. However, at the same time, they were at the mercy of social turned an innocent boy to blame himself. That was cruel. After that, Sue suffered miscarriage, changed sharply and turned to church. She regarded their illegal back. What they could do in difficulties was to listen to the god and wait to see what

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Women and Madness †exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. The WritePass Journal

Women and Madness – exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. Introduction Women and Madness – exploring women’s firsthand literary accounts and asking how the social context of gender impacts on the diagnosis of mental illness. IntroductionThe yellow wall paperThorazine ShuffleThe loony-bin trip Reference listRelated Introduction In this essay I discuss three pieces of writing by women, reflecting on their experiences of medical treatment. Dating from 1898 to 1999 they explore the concepts and realities of women diagnosed with mental illness. I will mostly focus on the content of the pieces although discuss the imagery and metaphor that is repeated in all. The first piece â€Å"The yellow wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman is a work of semi autobiographical fiction, the other pieces â€Å"Thorazine shuffle† by Allie Light and â€Å"The Looney Bin trap† by Kate Millet are autobiographical accounts of episodes of care. I will discuss themes that reoccur through all pieces and contrast the differences experiences to build a picture of mental health care for women throughout these times. The yellow wall paper Written in 1892 by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, â€Å"one of the most commanding feminists of her time† (Hedges 1973 :119) at a time it was rare for women to address sexual politics, Gilman makes the link between gender, insanity and patriarchy. Gilman was a prominent activist and writer on social reform including â€Å"Women and economics† (1898) an analysis of the situation of women and a theoretical treatise that argued that women were â€Å"subjugated by men, that motherhood should not preclude a women from working outside the home† (Gilman 1898). The yellow wallpaper is a short story written in epistolary style as a series of first person journal entries. The journal describes the narrator’s experience of isolation during a period of â€Å"rest cure† (Oppenheim 1991) for a â€Å"temporary nervous depression – a slight hysterical tendency† (Gilman : 33). Hysteria from the Greek hysteron for uterus, was a female condition defined as relating to femininity and female sexuality a once common mental diagnosis of the 19th century it is no longer used as a diagnostic category (Micale 1993). â€Å"Like all things feminine (hysteria) seemed elusive and enigmatic to a patriarchal medical profession and was resistant to male rationality† (Showalter 2007). A Neurologist and progressive thinker of the 19th century, Horatio Bryan Donkin, linked the complaint not just to females’ physicality but to her â€Å"social conditions†. Donkin also noted a high propensity for hysteria among unconventional women, namely writers and artist (Showalter :145.) In this period doctors linked female ambition to mental illness warning that â€Å"pursuits of new opportunities (in work and fulfilment) would lead to sickness, sterility and race suicide (Showalter :121). The tale describes the narrators gradual decent to madness. A feminist stance can and should be read into the novel considering the author; the themes of restriction and confinement echo the experiences of women of this time. Throughout the tale the narrator acts as prisoner, but a prisoner of her husband’s patriarchy not her own madness. Her husband forbids her to exercise her imagination in any way (Gilman: 34, 35, 36).   She rebels and, deprived of any other stimulation turns imagination on to neutral objects in an attempt to ignore her increasing frustrations (Gilman: 34). Her preoccupation with the paper begins at first with dislike of the pattern, building to her seeing the pattern as bars with a creeping skulking female figure behind (Gilman: 40).   Her negativity colours all she describes, â€Å"I never saw a worse paper in all my life†¦ (its sprawling pattern) committing every artistic sin†. The idea of sin is pertinent, as is her description of the pa pers colour as â€Å"repellent, unclean yellow† a â€Å"sickly sulphur†Ã‚   (Gilman:35). These themes of illness, un-cleanliness and unnaturalness echo ideas of blame and questions of morality with pervaded the culture at this time.   She reflects John makes her angry (Gilman: 34), and attributes this to her condition. She speaks of the effort it takes to dress or entertain, she blames herself saying she wishes she could help John (to make her better). She reflects John doesn’t know how much she suffers, simply that he knows there is â€Å"no reason and that this satisfies him† (Gilman:35). Our narrator is intelligent and educated, she knows a â€Å"little of design† (Gilman:39). Frustrated by her lack of intellectual stimulation (Gilman :36), she is excited by the paper watching it gives her something to look forward to. John says she is getting better despite the paper (Gilman: 42) she doesn’t tell him she feels it’s because of the paper (Gilman: 43) for she fears he will take this away from it.   This seems to suggest that life outside the room is equally if not more dull than it is now inside with her preoccupation. The more the wallpaper occupies her, the more reality retreats. Her dissociation begins as she starts to hide her true feelings from the real world. Gilman was sent home after a month of rest treatment with instruction never touch a pen, brush or pencil as long as you live (Knight: 323). We see this element to the cure in John’s insistence that she doesn’t write. We see also the prevailing theory of the time in Jennie â€Å"a perfect and enthusiastic housekeeper, and hopes for no better profession†¦she thinks it is the writing which makes me sick!† (Gilman: 37). The idea of writing as therapy the narrator offers â€Å"I think only if I was well enough to write a little it would relieve the press of ideas and rest me† (Gilman: 36) opposes prevailing medical belief that linked female ambition to mental illness (Showalter :121). At this time psychiatrists were concerned with a moral cure for hysteria. Victorian Psychiatrist Henry Maudsley said â€Å"there is sex in mind as distinctly as there is sex in body†.   The pervading thought at this time was that Mental illness would come if women tried to defy their â€Å"nature† and try to act as equal to men in society rather than as companions.   Dr Edward C. Mann wrote in a medical journal in 1980 â€Å"The mental condition of women with hysteria is somewhat peculiar. The patient, when the hysterical feelings come upon her, does not feel disposed to make the slightest effort to resist them, and yields to her emotions, whatever they may be†¦she cares nothing for her duties and seemingly takes pleasure in exaggerating all her slight discomforts and annoyances, and be her suspicious exacting and unreasonable behaviour makes life generally uncomfortable to those about her.†(Shannonhouse: XIII). Through illness the narrator is absolved of her obligations but as punishment or moral reminder of her duties she is placed in the nursery. Here, with little other stimulation, she becomes fixated on the wallpaper beginning with dislike for its appearance, moving from identifying secret meaning it its pattern to being excited by its hidden world. Considering Gilman’s feminist ideals, her experiences of mental illness and her understanding of the cause of this, as well as her experience of receiving the â€Å"rest cure† we can read the creeping woman (Gilman:40) in the paper as allegory for woman’s place in society. The bars she sees in the paper (Gilman: 42) being representative of the constraints of society and marriage (Gilman 1935:5) The narrators husband John also her physician treats her not as his wife but as patient and as child; we see this in his language to her â€Å"blessed little goose† (Gilman: 36) â€Å"What is it little girl†¦Bless her little heart!she shall be as sick as she pleases!† (Gilman: 37). Of all the rooms in the house it is the former nursery she is confined to despite her protests. The narrator speaks early on status of their marriage, immediately seeking to place this in context of social norm â€Å"John laughs at me of course, but one expects that in marriage† (Gilman :32). The narrator suggests that John as physician is the reason she does not make a quick recovery (Gilman: 33). In this way both author and narrator demonstrate insight to female mental illness and to the role that both patriarchy and medicine play.   Today a prominent part of the treatment of the mentally ill is socialisation and integration with daily activities not isolation. Gilman shows us the separation of the narrators’ consciousness in her secret journal as the story moves gradually towards climax, from the first mention of the wall paper until it builds to consume her thoughts and writing. Through her sickness the narrator is relinquished of her own parental and marital responsibilities. â€Å"Mary is so good with the baby. Such a dear baby! And yet I cannot be with him, it makes me so nervous.†(Gilman:35). The narrator struggles to not creep and to maintain her independence and autonomy, however the weight of guilt she experiences at neglecting her moral obligations as â€Å"he said I was letting it get the better of me and that nothing was worse for a nervous patient than to give way to such fancies† (Gilman: 35) coupled with   the punishment of isolation slowly drives her mad.   Gilman herself accredited her illness to marriage and motherhood (Gilman 1935). We can read the narrators madness as a choice, she chooses madness over returning to her obligation but in this choice we can hear Gilman’s critique of women’s’ options at this time -Madness or compliance.   In her autobiography Gilman says she sent a copy to Weir Mitchell, who chose not to comment she later learned however that he had revised his treatment (Gilman 1935). Thorazine Shuffle Written in 1999 Light reflects on her treatment in a mental institution 1963, she says â€Å"I was twenty seven when I began having the blues, not feeling in control of my life. I needed help with my children. I was afraid I didn’t know how to be a mother†.   The theme of motherhood, and expected role are echoed here from the previous piece as is the authors fixations with descriptions of light â€Å"the particular slant of the light†¦the quality of late afternoon light†¦refracted on walls† (Light: 168) we can compare this to the narrator in The Yellow Wallpaper preoccupations with light â€Å"you can only see it in certain lights† (Gilman: 38) â€Å"when the cross light fades and the low sun shines directly† (Gilman: 39).   â€Å"I watch for that first long, straight ray† (Gilman: 42). Also, her desire to set her belongings on fire (Light: 168) is again echoed in yellow wallpaper â€Å"I thought seriously of burning the houseà ¢â‚¬  (Gilman: 44). Light like Gilman, tells how in illness her morality is called into question. She describes how her first meeting with her male psychiatrist involves her naked in a gown on a bed and him asking her questions of a sexual nature â€Å"do you like kissing your husband’s penis?† (:169) She reflects there was no right answer to this question, both called her nature into repute, either â€Å"frigid or a whore† (Light: 169). She describes her embarrassment and her shame. Here we see that a woman questioning her place in patriarchal systems is still a consideration in diagnosing female mental illness. Within the ward itself Light describes a war, between the depressives and the manic patients â€Å"two battling armies† (169). She describes the sphere of influence within the Hospital as feudal system; the choice of language paints a vivid picture. â€Å"Langley Porter was a serfdom. Doctors came as trainees and we became their property†¦even as these potentates profited from the shambles of our lives we trusted them† (171). The language shows the divide between practitioner and patient and the authority of the former. â€Å"Potentates profited† – the power relationship is reinforced by the alliteration and the choice of words; Potentates – people with power and authority -who don’t simple make a living but profit from their patients. The word serfdom creates an image of the hospital as farm with patients as dumb animals to be worked and sold. â€Å"I was given to Dr. Schwartz† (171), again the passivity is shown in the language, given to not assign to. The author uses the language of child or victim, a supplicant powerless to affect change.   â€Å"if I behaved myself I could sleep at home†.(171)   â€Å"Our contract began with the removal of clothes†(171). The use of â€Å"contract† suggests a business transaction; the passivity of the statement seems to reflect a blunting of emotion in the face of the oppressive environment. The imagery has a sexualised overtone. â€Å"I had entered a kindergarten of managed play†¦the physical therapist pressed upon us the need to practice looking beautiful† again the merging of ideas of childlike helplessness and adult sexuality. â€Å"With our uncombed hair and unfocused vision, we sleep walked the corridors with books on our heads to improve out posture†. The idea that this is a legitimate treatment feels preposterous in light of modern treatment. Themes of gender, responsibility and obligation of the earlier piece are echoed here. Even in chaos the obligation to be thought beautiful and to work towards this goal. â€Å"There is no way a patient, using her own words, can logically convince a doctor that she knows something about her person. He has to see for himself and then, if the patient doesn’t die, she might have won her point.† The helplessness is overwhelming. The author says â€Å"patient† but her use of â€Å"her own words†¦her point† add to the argument that it is woman as patient, female as supplicant to male the social norm in a patriarchal society which psychiatry still was at this time. â€Å"He said I would feel better if I looked at him†¦ I obeyed Dr Schwartz. I wanted to be a good girl†¦so I would do whatever that entailedI often told Dr Schwartz that I needed something in my life†¦Something of my own†¦I wanted to go to school†¦his reply was â€Å"if you can’t stay home and look after your children, then get a job. Don’t waste everyone’s time by going to college†. Experienced 64 years after the writing of Yellow Wallpaper the idea as female as equal and deserving of education and experience is still seen as dismissible. The loony-bin trip In Millet’s account her first description a treatment and of oppression comes from a woman â€Å"tonight big nurse found me out†¦her instinct grabbed for me†¦and found the pill still in my cheek. I could confront or swallow. I decided to confront† (Millet :98). Hers is the most recent account of admission and her opponent female, perhaps this is what leads her to confront her treatment openly, unlike her counterparts. Her opposition is no good however, she is medicated. Here again we see women as powerless â€Å"Ann’s husband put her here, Mary’s in-laws, Margaret’s own mother† (100) although this time other women are complaisant in this forced incarceration and treatment. A female nurse â€Å"†¦who treat us as defective children†¦more like convicted felons† (99) administers medication. Millet talks of â€Å"being in the hard lock of Dr.Strong forever† (103). The patriarchy she feels suppresses her is religious â€Å"You are in the hands of the church you ran away from†¦despite the presence of state it is Rome that has you prisoner†¦you little American freedom fighter business quite over, women’s lib and other notions crunched like cellophane† ( 103). â€Å"Joan of Arc, a heretic. Every night I will be tortured thus†¦they will inoculate me with this horror†¦our great sad room of waking women, each a prisoner of her mind and body.† (104). Millet born 1934 is an American feminist writer and activist. Best known for her 1970 book â€Å"Sexual Politics†, she won a trial to prove her sanity and changed the state of Minnesota commitment law (Time 1970). Although in this age, 1970 women fight against their oppression â€Å"After a certain time many victims collapse and agree to be crazy; they surrender.† (Millet: 100). This new treatment environment is as toxic as the rest cure Millet describes it as â€Å"an irrational deprivation of every human need† asking if the cure for madness is fear and if the fear of being a captive might motivate recovery (101). Sleep is a reoccurring theme of all three pieces. Gilman’s physician wants the protagonist to get more of it, Light describes how â€Å"I was put to sleep† (Light:169) Millet recounts â€Å"I won’t need anything to sleep. No, really. No. And the needle jabs your rear like an insult and the white stupor comes over†(Millet :102). Both light and Millet describe how â€Å"a mental patient was not allowed to refuse medication. We were warned to take it orally or it will be injected† (Light: 172). This theme of women as defective or broken, for arguing with oppression and wanting different experiences from their lives reoccurs though all three accounts. Hard to fathom treatments with illogical cures acting to reprogram women to â€Å"behave† by fear and boredom appears in all,   As the ideas of childlike powerlessness and of being property are also repeated.  Ã‚   â€Å"there have always been those who argue women’s high rate of mental disorder is a product of their social situations, their confining roles as daughters, wives and mothers and their mistreatment by a male dominated and possibly misogynistic psychiatric profession† (Showalter:3). Depression and anxiety are twice as prevalent in women as in men (Busfield 1996) and inequalities of gender create dependence and powerlessness in women. Because relationships between patients and staff reflect those in society the work force is often blind to inequality (DH 2002) and this is clearly highlighted in the suffocating treatment all three women experience. â€Å"There are differences in the family and social context of women’s and men’s lives†¦mental health care must be responsive to these differences† (Jacqui Smith, minister of mental health; department of health 2002). Light tells us she comes from a line of depressives, passed down through the female line and again reiterates the connections between motherhood and depression. Light reflects on the history of depression on the female side of her family â€Å"My grandmother gave birth to nine children†¦her despair at perpetual pregnancy was contagious†¦My mother was a small girl when her mother tried to hang herself from the kitchen rafters. Pregnant again†. Her mother’s favourite bed time story was about a little girl afraid of being stolen from her bed, the mother promises the girl will be safe but the girl is still stolen. The learned helplessness in their situations is passed down with each generation.   The author reflects that all the stories her mother told her were about the consequences of looking, Blue beards wife looks it the locked room and seals her fate to join the dead wives there. Psyche looks at her lover after being bidden to love in the dark and loses him to death. In reality they are all about the consequences of defying patriarchal dictate. Gilman , writing at a time when it was uncommon for women to have a voice, as an active feminist who divorced she still had to adhere to the confines of her society, her story then is a cautionary tale against women’s madness, its roots and its treatments. In all accounts relatives exist as diminished characters over powered by the protagonists madness, this overpowering seems to be a release from the pressures and constraints all three women feel in their lives. Reference list Busfield,J., 1996 Men, Women and Madness Understanding Gender and mental disorder. London :Macmillian Press Ltd Chesler, P., 1997. (3rd ed) Women and madness. New York: Fall Walls Eight Windows Department of health (2002) Womens mental health : into the mainstream accessed at dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/@dh/@en/documents/digitalasset/dh_4075487.pdf   On 31/3/11 Hedges. E,R., 1973 Afterword. The Yellow Wallpaper. New York: The Feminist Press Knight, D,D,. 1994 The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia Light, A., 1999 â€Å"Thorazine Shuffle†   in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Micale, M.S., 1993 On the â€Å"Disappearance† of hysteria: A Study in the Clinical Deconstruction of Diagnosis .The history of Science Society. ISIS. 84:496-526 Millet, K., 1990 The Loony-Bin Trip in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Oppenheim, J,. 1991 Shattered Nerves: Doctors, Patients and Depression in Victorian England. Oxford: Oxford University Press Perkins Gilman, C., 1891 The Yellow Wallpaper.in Shannonhouse, R,.ed. (2000) Out of her Mind: Women Writing on Madness: New York: The Modern Library Perkins Gilman, C., 1898 Women and economics. New York: Cosmobooks Perkins Gilman, C.,1935   The Living of Charlotte Perkins Gilman: An Autobiography. (3rd Ed) London: The University of Wisconsin Press Shannonhouse. R. (ed) ,2000 Out of her Mind : women writing on madness. New York: The Modern Library. Showalter, E., 2007 The Female Malady- Women, Madness and English Culture 1830- 1980. London: Virago Press Time magazine, 1970 The liberation of Kate Millet. Accessed on 31.3.11 @ time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876784-1,00.html

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Bobs Your Uncle!

Bobs Your Uncle! Bobs Your Uncle! Bobs Your Uncle! By Maeve Maddox An expression I learned to love during the time I lived in England was Bobs your uncle! Thanks to international sports events, the saying is better known in the States now than it used to be. You tack it onto a set of instructions that are meant to lead to an easy solution: Question: How do I make this work? Answer: Put Tab A into Tab B, turn this little screw, and Bobs your uncle! Question: Can you direct me to the Green Man? Answer: Carry on to the corner, turn right, go past the greengrocers, turn right again, and Bobs your uncle! The expressions origin is shrouded in mystery. A frequent explanation cites the nepotism of British Prime Minister Robert Cecil, Lord Salisbury, who appointed his nephew Arthur Balfour to the post of Chief Secretary for Ireland in 1887. The idea is that if your uncle happens to be the Prime Minister, anything is easy. The difficulty with this explanation is that the earliest known use of the phrase Bobs your uncle is from 1932. Another possibility offered is that it may derive from 18th thieves slang: all is bob, meaning all is safe. The Phrase Finder suggests that a music hall song published in 1931 may have been the source: Bobs your uncle Follow your Uncle Bob He knows what to do Hell look after you I think its more likely that the song derived from the saying. Well probably never discover the origin of this delightful expression. Its lack of discernible sense suggests an origin in the folk etymology that causes a misheard foreign word or phrase to dwindle into pronounceable English nonsense. For example: hocus-pocus: a scrambled version of Latin Hoc est corpus meum, this is my body, words from the Catholic Mass kickshaw: English approximation of French quelque chose, something (A kickshaw is a doodad, a whatnot, a thingamajig, a something or other.) Smackover: Arkansas place name thought to be from French chemin couvert, covered way love: tennis score notation (meaning zero), from French loeuf, egg (the shape of a zero resembles that of an egg) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their Synonyms15 Idioms for Periods of Time

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar Article

Are Domestic and International Marketing Dissimilar - Article Example According to Hofstede (2010), culture refers to the collective programming of the mind distinguishing the members of one group or category of people from others. The culture of one country is distinguished from the other countries using the values of dimensions of the national cultures. She illustrated that power distance is a situation where there are differences in power holding in society. Power distance is the extent to which less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept the unequal distributed power. This power distance may be experienced in Kuwait, and she gave an example of marriage and relationship and divorce in family structures. In every family in Kuwait, every member of the family knows the extent of power that one holds in that family. In the contribution, I suggested that the society’s level of power inequality is endorsed by the followers and leaders in the Kuwait society. She also talked about the individualism and collectivism as a value that distinguishes Kuwait from other countries. She illustrated that the wealth effect has produced some form of individualism and it is evident in the new generation. I concur with her because individualism is the degree to which individuals are not integrated into groups and their ties within the society are loose while collectivism is the situation where the society is integrated into strong, cohesive groups. I contributed by saying that in Kuwait everyone is expected to care for themselves including immediate family which is mostly experienced in the new generation while in the old generation people were expected to protect each other in the society. She gave an example of collectivism using the old generations like parents and grandparents who are close to each other thus in a long time ago the extended families lived together.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Carrie Chapman Catt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Carrie Chapman Catt - Essay Example After the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920, she organized the League of Women Voters for the political education of women (Levin 2006). Carrie assisted in the arrangement of the International Women Suffrage Alliance at the Berlin Conference. She then committed and restricted herself to the peace movements in 1923.This she made work through lecturing, writing and also recruiting in the Suffrage movement. Her moves were mainly to free women and be allowed to vote and b heard as the. In a nutshell it was all about eradicating male chauvinism (Keller 2006). She was a hardworking lady who never lost hope an even after some members led by Alice Paul had left the union, she strategized and developed a future plan to keep the group alive. After her great achievement of the successful amendment of the constitution, she began a worldwide campaign and tour to help the women develop the right to vote (Levin

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Develop an awareness of self in relation to others Coursework

Develop an awareness of self in relation to others - Coursework Example The defense mechanisms help people in maintaining their self-esteem and self-respect in face of embarrassing, threatening or defeating situations. Hence, defense mechanisms are mental tools used by people from feeling unworthy and inferior. Using defense mechanism once or twice is fine. However, when people start using defense mechanism often, then it harms their reputation and also keeps them from seeing the ‘real’ picture. ‘Rationalization’ and ‘projection’ are among the most commonly used defense mechanisms by people. People use rationalization when the truth about a situation is painful to accept. In such situations, people use rationalization as a defense mechanism and give socially acceptable and reasonable explanation for their behaviour. By doing so, people avoid accepting their own fears, anxieties and negative aspects of personality. After using rationalization repeatedly, it becomes a part of their unconscious behaviour pattern and th ey lose the ability to reflect on the truth or to improve their behaviour. Hence, people around them lose trust and faith in them and consider them as people ‘who always give excuses’ and hence, not dependable. In this way rationalization affects the trust and bonding in personal and professional relationships. ‘Projection’ is another defense mechanism where a person blames another person or situation for his own inadequacies, unfavorable characters and failure. When projection becomes a habit, then the person using it loses the sense of reality and examines people and situations in distorted way. People around him start to realize that this person is never going to improve as he never accepts his fault and weaknesses. They consider him as irresponsible and immature. Hence, they start keeping a distance from him and do not allow him to form close relationship with them. In this way, a person who uses projection as a defense mechanism fails to make and maint ain relationships. His attitude of blaming others repels people from him. Factors Inhibiting Congruent Relating Congruence in relationship is possible when the counsellor and the client are open, authentic and honest with each other in the process of counselling. However, for the formation of a congruent relationship with clients, the counsellor needs to have a ‘whole’ and ‘integrated’ personality. Otherwise, the counsellor is unable to help the client to achieve the ‘integration’ in his personality. Hence, if the counsellor lacks growth and ‘integration’ in his own personality, then it inhibits the formation of congruence between the counsellor and the client while counselling. Second factor that inhibits the congruent relating with clients is the lack of ‘self -awareness’ in the counsellor. When a counsellor is not consciously aware of the weak areas in his personality, then he gets uncomfortable and irritated while attending to those weaknesses in his clients. Hence, being aware of the weaknesses in his own personality is very important for the counsellor. Otherwise, it inhibits congruent relating with the client by creating discomfort and friction in interactions while counselling.

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Criminal Theory Case Study: Whitey Bulger

Criminal Theory Case Study: Whitey Bulger Criminal Behavior James Joseph Bulger III (better known as) Whitey Bulgers criminal behavior started early on in life. Whitey ran away to join the circus at ten years old. According to Biography.com, Whitey Bulger was first arrested when he was 14 years old, for stealing, and his criminal record continued to escalate from there. As a youth, he was arrested for larceny, forgery, assault and battery, and armed robbery and served five years in a juvenile reformatory. Upon his release, he joined the Air Force where he served time in military jail for assault before being arrested for going AWOL. Nonetheless, he received an honorable discharge in 1952. (Biography.com) After the military, Bulger returned to Boston and committed multiple bank robberies in multiple states. In 1956 he was sentenced to 25 years in Federal prison for those bank robberies. After his release from prison Bulger immersed himself into Bostons organized crime, and by 1979 he was one of the top figures in Bostons underworld. After work ing with the FBI, he led the FBI on a 16-year manhunt. Whitey Bulger was finally caught by the FBI in 2011. In 2013, Bulger faced a 33-count indictment, including money laundering, extortion, drug dealing, corrupting FBI and other law-enforcement officials and participating in 19 murders. He was also charged with federal racketeering for allegedly running a criminal enterprise from 1972 to 2000. (Biography.com) Bulger was not convicted of everything, after a two-month trial, a jury of eight men and four women deliberated for five days and found Bulger guilty on 31 counts, including federal racketeering, extortion, conspiracy and 11 of the 19 murders. They found he was not guilty of 7 murders and could not reach a verdict on one murder. (Biography.com) Whitey Bulgers Life Whitey Bulgers childhood was rough. James Joseph Bulger Jr. was born on September 3, 1929, in Dorchester, Massachusetts, (Where I was born) as second of the six children, to Roman Catholic Irish parents who immigrated to America. (www.thefamouspeople.com) Whiteys father was a longshoreman that lost his arm in an industrial accident forcing him and his family to move to government housing in South Boston (Where I attended elementary school). When Bulger was ten years old, he attempted to run away and join the circus. When Whitey was 14, he was charged with stealing and forgery and other crimes resulting in being held in a juvenile reformatory for five years. Bulger joined the Air Force and was charged with AWOL ultimately being honorably discharged. Once Bulger returned to Boston, he returned to a life of crime and ultimately rose to the top crime boss in Boston. Bulger reigned over Bostons underworld for nearly 20 years. Oddly enough he was an informant for the FBI against another cr ime family which ultimately help Bulgers enterprises. When indictments against Bulger came down his connections at the FBI tipped him off to the impending arrest allowing Bulger to go on the run from 1996 until he was ultimately arrested in California 2011. Bulger was convicted of most of the charges levied against him, and he is currently incarcerated at Coleman Federal Penitentiary in Sumter County. Bulger was disciplined for sexual activity while in prison in 2016. Theories of Criminal Behavior I believe that the first of three theories that could describe White Bulgers criminal lifestyle would be Albert Cohens Theory on Delinquent Boys. Cohens research and resulting theory were a reaction to the limitations and oversimplifications he saw in Robert Mertons strain theory, according to the University of Portsmouth. Cohen agreed that criminal behavior was in part the result of the strain of being unable to accomplish ones goals, but he disagreed with Mertons hypothesis that crime was individual, gain-based and could occur at any socioeconomic status. In 1955, his book Delinquent Boys, Cohen investigated trends of criminal behavior in lower-class urban areas of the United States, then built on emerging findings about the delinquent subculture. Florida State Universitys College of Criminology and Criminal Justice states that Cohens investigation of gangs revealed that the groups were mostly lower-class males who seemed to be retaliating against a world that had given them empty promises regarding the American Dream. Cohens theory on the delinquent subculture also predicts that the existence of the subculture would likely draw in lower-status persons exposed to it, therefore creating more delinquency among anyone who might believe that their only opportunities for progress existed in the ranks of gangs. (www.reference.com) I believe Whitey Bulger also fit into the Durkheims Deviance theory, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦his discoveries were so deviant that people had a hard time accepting them. And they still do! Which is why Durkheims views of deviance have been pretty much ignored by sociologists for over 100 years. Durkheim was a firm believer in observation. So he began his study of deviance by observing as many societies as he could. He studied his own, those in neighboring European countries, and even those of the ancient past. What did he notice? They all had deviance! It didnt matter where or when he looked. In every society, there was something that got defined as deviant, and someone who did that deviant thing. (http://www.nonjudgmentday.org) I also believe that Whitey Bulger would fit into the Social Disorganization Theory. The theory of social disorganization states a persons physical and social environments are primarily responsible for the behavioral choices that a person makes. At the core of social disorganization theory, is that location matters when it comes to predicting illegal activity. Shaw and McKay noted that neighborhoods with the highest crime rates have at least three common problems, physical dilapidation, poverty, and a higher level of ethnic and culture mixing. Shaw and McKay claimed that delinquency was not caused at the individual level, but is a normal response by normal individuals to abnormal conditions. Social disorganization theory is widely used as an important predictor of youth violence and crime. (Mark Bond, Ed.D) There is little doubt that South Boston or Boston, in general, could fit this theory just as well as Chicago. Theoretical Application to Whitey Bulgers Life History Growing up in South Boston with a father that was a longshoreman and that was ultimately disabled allowed Whitey to do as he pleased and he did just that fitting the Albert Cohens Theory on Delinquent Boys. As a young man, Whitey was arrested for assault and battery, armed robbery, larceny, and assault. Those charges resulted in Whitey being sentenced to five years in a juvenile reformatory. After his release from the reformatory, Whitey joined the Air Force and subsequently went AWOL. Despite this, he was granted an honorable discharge. I included the military factor in this theory because as we know, men dont fully mature until at least 25 years old. Due to Whiteys now developed deviant behavior as a youth, I believe that he fits into Durkheims Deviance theory. As we all know there is deviance everywhere and I think that during Whitey Bulgers criminal rise he just took advantage of the deviance and rose to the top of Bostons underworld. Some say his power made him like a Robin Hood for the city, For years, James Whitey Bulger was viewed as a Robin Hood-like figure on the streets of South Boston, valued by his neighbors who saw him as a tough guy who kept drug dealers out of their neighborhood. That image was shattered when authorities began digging up bodies. (www.boston.cbslocal.com) Finally, Whitey Bulgers criminal activities fit in my opinion into the Social Disorganization Theory. Boston, like Chicago, was ripe for the picking when it comes to poor neighborhoods, high crime rates, socially disadvantaged people. Whitey dominated a city that had many poor areas that were very ethnically diverse just like Chicago. The mixture of these three theories, I feel, created Whitey Bulger. In my opinion, many of these theories are interchangeable and could fit almost any powerful crime figure. The mixture of these three theories, I feel, created Whitey Bulger. In my opinion, many of these theories are interchangeable and could fit almost any powerful crime figure. References http://www.biography.com/people/whitey-bulger328770#early-life http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/whitey-bulger-5588.php#5aP3OvO2zXd6OAzH.99 https://www.reference.com/world-view/albert-cohen-s-delinquent-subculture-theory-56a567cc29ecb061 http://www.nonjudgmentday.org/judgment-card-galleryblog/-durkheims-deviant-view-of-deviance https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/criminology-social-disorganization-theory-explained-mark-bond http://boston.cbslocal.com/2011/06/23/whitey-bulger-described-as-robin-hood-diabolical-killer/

Friday, October 25, 2019

Creation, Flood and the Hero in Epic of Gilgamesh and Book of Genesis o

Creation, Flood and the Hero in Gilgamesh and the Bible    The Epic of Gilgamesh compares to the Bible in many different ways. The epic has a different perspective than the Bible does. This paper is a contrast and comparison between the two books. The three main points of this paper will be the Creation, Flood and the Hero.    The way these two books start out is creation. This is the first similarity that we can state. God created man out of the earth, â€Å"In the beginning God created the Heaven and the Earth†. In the epic, Auru, the goddess o... ...s that are hard to decipher, but most was understandable. The Epic of Gilgamesh was hard to get started on, but was easily finished. Bibliography Bibliography The Holy Bible. KJV. Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nashville. 1984. The Epic of Gilgamesh. Penguin Books, London. 1972.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The development of aggression and violence in the American youth

In the introductory portion, the writer introduces the relevance of the study to the present reality by briefly indicating the focal areas that are covered in the paper. Basically, the thesis statement or argument is presented in prà ©cis to complete this part.Problem statements and milieuThe paper seeks to explain the development of an individual’s aggression and or violence in the context of society, family and internal mental or thinking patterns. Whether the results are a combination of the factors will be posed as inquiry in this section with a corresponding hypothesis.Review of Related StudiesThis portion explains the peer-reviewed works of psychologists and sociologists and others in the profession with the intention of analyzing the important and strategic breakthroughs in science on the issue and which the present paper seeks to accentuate considering the need of the hour (Works of Bjork, Furst, Sidney, Wacker, David,   Tremblay et al, Harris, Mary; Hogh et al, Hob bs, Brackney et al,II. Results and findings   A. Definition of termsUsing DSM and other credible sources for the operational definition of the foremost significant terminologies employed in the paper. (Works from Aggression from Encyclopedia of Science, Technology, and Ethics, DSM definition)   B. Theoretical Framework  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ~ Factors influencing Aggression  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Explores different perspectives in the understanding of AggressionII. Discussion of Results and FindingsIt is assumed that the following are major contributing factors that influence aggression and/or violence. Discussion section of the paper further establishes the researcher’s findings based on the problem statement and hypothesis made. The following are salient points that are developed by the researcher.â€Å"What can make an individual youth commit violent acts?†Ã‚  ~ Pornography and violence in the internet and media  ~ Depression among th e teens  ~ Domestic Violence (DV) and Aggressionâ€Å"What should or can be done to reduce the incidence or curtail youth violence or aggression?†Since the issue is a prevailing and existing individual, familial and societal problem, and many studies are already conducted to apply effective interventions, this section of the paper seeks to enumerate and describe the leading and effective treatments and/or interventions on the matter. It also attempts to give a balanced view on the plus and minuses or pros and cons of the prescribed interventions.III. Summary of findingsProvides a brief summary of the study’s findings.IV. Conclusion and RecommendationThe writer addresses the reader to his/her own reflections regarding the study he/she made on the problem. However, considering the limitation of logistics and other factors, she/he prescribes or outlines his/her own recommendation/s regarding the problem and it is to be undertaken in future studies.IV. ReferenceExact doc uments used or employed throughout the study are herein listed in APA format.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Ray Rice’s Amazing Story

Ray has learned more and more about his father, Calvin Reed. Janet has a color snapshot, which serves as the only means by which Ray knows what his father looked like.There are stories In which he has learned that he was a respectable man 1 OF3 wltn a respectaDle D I nese tnlngs are comTortlng to Ray Decause tne reason ne never got to know his father is extremely uncomfortable. In the summer of 1988, a car rolled past Reed as he was walking home from work. Shots were fired and Reed died there on the sidewalk. Three years later, when the gunman was convicted and sent to prison, it was revealed that Reed wasnt the target. He was Just in the wrong place at the wrong time. â€Å"Sometimes you wonder what it would be like to have your real dad,† Ray said.Just for a walk in the park or Just recapping our lives. That's the part that makes me think. â€Å"00A few years later, Rice's aunt died of brain cancer at 37 years old. Her son, Shaun Rice-Nichols, moved up three floors in their apartment complex to live with Janet and Ray. 00Treated like a son by Janet, Shaun was a father fgure to Ray, who was 10 years younger. They did everything together, from Ray's favorite (playing sports), to Shaun's favorite (rapping in front of the mirror). Shaun was an up-and- coming rap artist known as S. U. P. E. , which stood for Spiritually Uplifting People Everywhere.He sang about inspiring people and guiding them in the right direction despite their tough surroundings. Shaun would always tell Ray to go for his dreams, to pursue them with extreme passion. After all, Shaun was proof that even a kid from the projects could make it. 00At about 21 years old, Shaun signed his first record deal and moved with his fianc ©e and two young daughters to California to pursue his music career. 00†³He was the one in the family where if he wanted something he went after it and he got it,† Ray said. â€Å"He was the first one the family was really proud of. 0 0But Shaun's dream s ended on a road in California on March 21, 1998.That's when a driver, swerving to avoid another car during the early hours of St. Patrick's Day, plowed into Shaun's compact car. His fianc ©e died on the scene, and Shaun passed away four days later. â€Å"That was rough, really rough. But I believe today he's still here,† Ray said. â€Å"My family is different. When he died, in a sense some of my family died. Everybody Just changed for a little bit. â€Å"00Just 1 1 years old at the time, Ray didn't change. He Just became even more obsessive about continuing the mission that Shaun began for his family, he says. 00Ray still carries Shaun close to him at all times.He has Shaun's name, S. U. P. E. , tattooed on his right biceps and he carries his memories of him onto the football field. â€Å"I'm in his place now,† Ray said. â€Å"l made it to the NFL, but that's not enough. It's about my family and I'm trying to gel everyone believe in my dream and I chase my dream like S. U. P. E. chased his dream. He didn't get a chance to finish his dream. I want to finish my dream. One day after football practice during his 1 lth grade season, Ray stared out of the partment window as his mother ran him a hot bath, pouring in Epsom salt to ease his sore muscles. Ma, I'm going to the league,† Ray said. â€Å"I've got to make it to the league. I'll be glad when I can tell you, You don't have to work no more. ‘† Janet lived her whole life in The Hollow. She sometimes worked two Jobs trying to make ends meet while doing her best to spoil Rice and his three younger siblings. Besides the time she spends doting on her own kids, she has dedicated her career to teaching special needs children, a calling that shows her heart is bigger than the 4-foot-11 body it lives in. Ray decided early on in life that his mother needed help.And since then, a large part of his mission has been to use his passion of football to give her a different life. Ray was a two-sport star at New Rochelle High School. He played point guara Tor nls DasKetDall team, lea01ng tnem to tne state Tlnals In 2 football field, he scored 31 touchdowns as a senior and was named to the Madison Square Garden's All-Heisman team. Ray then became a college football legend in the New York-New Jersey area, rejuvenating Rutgers' football program and leading the team to a miraculous upset win over previously-undefeated Louisville in 2007.Right before being interviewed by ESPN on national television that night, with the cameras rolling, Rice stopped and called out, â€Å"Where's my mother? † He was worried about her being trampled by the students streaming onto the field. Despite her son being drafted, nearly leading the NFL in total yardage last year and being named to the Pro Bowl in Just his second season, those words on ESPN serve as Janet's favorite football memory for the sheer fact that it shows how much her son cares about her. Ray and Janet still talk on th e phone every single morning at around 6 a. m. while Janet is cooking breakfast for her children.They talk about everything, from football to girls. â€Å"I'm more than Just his mother,† Janet said. â€Å"I'm his best friend. We laugh, we giggle. We have so much fun together. † In large part, Ray's success has already allowed him to take care of his family. His mother drives a new Lexus and now lives in a safe, waterfront property Just about 15 minutes from their old apartment. But Janet still goes to her Job at school, still caring for special needs children. â€Å"I've got one more phase left,† Ray said. â€Å"It will be her choice whether she wants to work. I want her to fulfill what she wasn't able to Just raising us. I want her to enjoy herself.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

The Morality of Science essays

The Morality of Science essays There are two parallel stories in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, one of attempting to discover the secret of life and the other of forcing nature to open her secrets to man (Neal). This novel can be looked by combining those two stories into a theme of the scientist who seeks to play God and what happens to him in his quest to create life from death. When looking at the book in this regard, the reader discovers the dangers inherent in defying the natural order, (Neal) and the potential consequences of scientific discovery. Victor Frankenstein, fascinated with scientific exploration in the physical world, embarked upon an experiment that forever changed his life and that of his family and friends. During his studies away from home, Victor foolishly decides that he will play God. I will pioneer anew way, explore unknown powers, and unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation (Shelly p. 47). What lies behind Frankensteins scientific projects is obviously an attempt to gain power (Damyanov). Victor devotes himself to his task of creating life from death for a period of two years without once considering the implications of the result of his experiment. Thoughtless Victor built in no safety controls, no device to assure that only good actions would be performed (Neal). Shelley warns us of the dangerous division between the power-seeking practices of science and the concerns of humanists with moral responsibility, emotional communion, and spiritual values (Damyanov). Victor invested so much selfish care and time into his creation and never thought of the implications of his success. As if almost seeing into the future, Shelly gives us a warning to consider the final effects of scientific exploration and experiment (Neal). Neglecting all moral implications of his creation, Victor completes his work. Victo...

Monday, October 21, 2019

A Random Walk Down Wall Street Book Analysis

A Random Walk Down Wall Street Book Analysis A Random Walk Down Wall Street Book Analysis Essay A Random Walk Down Wall Street Book Analysis Essay The book A Random Walk Down Wall Street offers an insight into stock investment with the author aiming at providing an appropriate advice for investors. The book has had ten editions since it was first published in 1973 by Burton G. Malkiel. The author’s main idea is to portray markets as partly efficient and to prove that investors can make appropriate individual investment decisions without the indulgence of financial experts. A Random Walk Down Wall Street Literary Analysis According to the author, the basic secret of investing is committing to stock investment in the long term or diversifying investments in case of short-term investments. The author justifies his assertions by using historical testimonies and expounding on them by using personal experiences. The book has four sections with respective chapters that elaborate on various concepts of investing. The book report will provide the author’s main idea and the insights gained. An analysis will show that Malkiel’s book offers an avenue that allows investors to make sound investment decisions by balancing their investment expectations with options available to them. Part One: Stocks and their Value This part entails the first four chapters that introduce the reader to the world of investments. The part mainly discusses concepts of asset valuation by using theoretical foundations. The author mainly uses the firm-foundation theory and the castle-in-the-air theory to expound on asset valuation. The first chapter is â€Å"Firm Foundations and Castles in the Air† and it offers an introduction to investments. It explains that the firm foundation theory argues that an investor should make investments on the basis of the actual value of the proposed investment. The author uses a real-life example that a person wishing to invest in Coke should base the investment decision on the product’s parent company, the Coca-Cola Corporation. The castle-in-the-air theory asserts that an investor should make investments as a response to actions of the masses. For this reason, the theory argues that an investor usually makes more returns by following the majority who invests based on cu rrent trends or based on the foundations of a firm. The chapter concludes that both theories are right in different investment situations. The explanations of the author of the two theories offer a background for the author to critique them in the following chapters. The second chapter â€Å"The Madness of Crowds† explains historical financial occurrences that prove that actions of the masses have significant investment repercussions. Examples of such occurrences include the Tulip-Bulb Craze, the South Sea Bubble, and the tulipomania. In the three instances, the market expanded in a speedy way and led to the overvaluation of assets. After some time, values of the assets returned to their normal valuation after one or a couple of years. A graphical analysis of the three instances showed that by the end of the overvaluation hype the values of the assets returned to the same values as before the hype. The chapter portrays that investors who just follow the masses blindly tend to lose heavily in the market. The inability of investors to resist the urge of the masses makes them vulnerable to adversities of the market. Chapter three explains the stock valuation between the 1960s and the 1990s. The chapter offers a continuation of the craze that the market experiences. The author uses various examples in the stock market to expound on the modern version of the extremity of markets. He expounds on the multiples of price earnings that formed the base of stock trading at the time. The author also expounds on the roles of underwriters in the issuance of new securities, especially their roles in misleading investors. The misleading happened despite investors having access to the guidelines offered by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission. For instance, the stocks in the 1980s were overvalued. The scenario confirms the assertion of the author in the second chapter that such situations continue to recur. Another example offered by the author is the obsession of investors with blue chip companies in the 1970s. By 1980, the values of the stocks had returned to their normal prices. The cases sh ow how firms often manipulate information to increase their value so that they can attract investors. The author concludes that manipulation is inevitable because even though organizations such as the SEC provide the guidelines, they can do nothing to prevent investors from parting with their money. By offering real examples and enlightening historical occurrences, the author remains authoritative and ensures that the reader grasps the real impacts of the masses in making investment decisions. Chapter four explains the internet bubble that sufficed in the late 1990s. The author argues that the public’s obsession with the internet was fuelled by other bubbles similar to the historical ones covered in the previous chapters. For instance, the author cited the IPO mania that prompted the bubble in the 1960s. Similar instances could be seen in the internet era. The main message of the author is that people tend not to learn from past experiences. After the rise of the internet, small investors gained a platform for investments and firms gained a platform for competing with larger firms. Moreover, people became more interconnected. Due to the excitement of the availability of a new platform of trading, people engaged in stock trading by the use of brokerage firms. As a result of overcrowding, people lost money due to the eventual overvaluation and the return to normal prices. In fact, only brokers benefited. This part highlights significant historical influences of the mass mentality on investments. The main point of the author is that markets remain perfect. The assertion means that even if an imperfection comes up, the market will find a way to go back to its normal status. One of the pieces of advice one gets from the part is that investors need to combine both their intellect and curiosity to succeed in investments. The influence of crown activities was also enlightening. The provision of historical examples that led to the overvaluation of assets enables the reader to grasp the author’s main idea. The examples show that an emotional approach without much consideration towards stock investments can be detrimental for investors in the long run. One of the interesting insights from the examples that the author offers is that investors never seemed to learn. All through the 1960s to the late 1990s, economic bubbles would always recur. There would be some hype created that would i n turn entice people to spend more money on stocks. The hype occurred even after authorities such as the SEC warned investors. The above cases remind me of the 2007/2008 economic depression. The scenario was caused by a similar bubble, only that this time it was a housing bubble. The decade ending in 2006 saw prices of houses drastically rise, thus prompting homeowners to refinance their homes due to the availability of adjustable-rate mortgages extended by lenders. Due to the availability of mortgages, people could access loans at interest rates lower than market rates. However, after 2006 people could not refinance their loans because house prices started falling and interest rates rose at the same time. In effect, financial institutions could not recover their loans extended. The situation kick-started the depression that had adverse effects on investors. The situation in 2007/2008 shows that the market has not yet learned about adverse impacts of following the multitude blindly. Part Two: How the Pros Play the Biggest Game in Town This part makes up the next three chapters. The chapters mainly deal with fundamental and technical analysis techniques. Chapter five tries to expound on the extent of the efficiency of the market. It focuses on the elaboration of the technical and fundamental analysis of financial markets. Technical analysis entails studying trends in market prices of assets and then applying historical trends to predict their future prices. The method uses tools such as trend lines and charts. Fundamental analysis entails analysis of the condition of a business by examining its financial records, the market in which the business operates, and the competition. The chapter does not go into much detail about the theories with the next three chapters serving this purpose. The sixth chapter expounds on the technical analysis concept. The author asserts that technical analysis concentrates on identifying correlations. For this reason, the author seems to discredit the technique by arguing that testing the data of stock prices over time does not necessarily lead to the correct prediction of the stock prices. The author cites that the above aspect of the technique makes it spurious. He even uses a humorous example of finding a correlation in the average hemline length in fashion. He uses the example to explain that looking solely at the charts robs off one’s opportunity to see the broader picture, meaning that there would be a high probability of poor judgment. The author also touches on the random walk theory and states that the theory employs random measures to process random data. He goes on to compare the theory with a humorous example of the use of coin flips to determine future prices of stocks. The author uses more humorous examples to disre gard the theory and the technical analysis because of the theory limitation. Chapter seven concentrates on the fundamental analysis concept. Malkiel seems to support the fundamental analysis. The support, as he argues, arises because the concept bases itself on logical judgment when admitting data for consideration. Another reason the author prefers the fundamental analysis is that the technical analysis only focuses on the stock price, while the fundamental analysis focuses on the worth of the stock. Despite the support for the theory, the author finds it weak as well. The author provides situations where fundamental analysis can have flaws. The examples include random events such as the 9/11 attacks, the consideration of flawed data from firms, and poor analysis. The author also asserts that financial experts are no better than investors. He states that they only have an edge because they can access more information from companies. The author’s information on stock valuation is very insightful. Although I had some knowledge of the two techniques of stock valuation, I had not deeply analyzed them to an extent of identifying their weaknesses. However, the author’s argument convinced me of the flaws of the systems. I enjoyed humorous examples offered because it was a light way of learning about the techniques. The part of the book also offers a lot of lessons when it comes to stock trading. The first lesson is that one should purchase stocks if their expected growth of earnings is above the market average. Moreover, prospected growth should entail a period of more than five years. The second lesson is that it is too risky to purchase multiple stocks whose prospected future growth has been discounted. The last and the most significant lesson is that an investor should consider whether an asset possesses the likelihood of attracting masses to invest in them. The last lesson means that logic is the key when considering a stock purchase. Another interesting conclusion from the understanding is that I have come to question the roles of financial advisors in aiding investors making investment decisions. The author cites that the only difference between them and investors is that they have more information. Prior to reading the book, I viewed experts as a haven and the best avenue for investors to make right investment decisions. After reading this part of the book, I realized that experts might not be significantly different from investors. I find great sense in the claim because some of the historical bubbles came up since investors had more trust in experts than in the authorities. However, despite gaining the knowledge, I partly disagree with the author’s claim because the fa ct that experts have needed information means that they are in a better position to make sound decisions. Part 3: The New Investment Technology This part entails the next three chapters of the book. The section concentrates on the modern portfolio theory that entails combining assets with different risk levels to create a positive returns diversified portfolio. Harry Markowitz came up with the theory in the 1950s, making him win the 1990 Nobel Prize. Chapter eight introduces the modern portfolio theory by asserting that it is essential for investors to diverse their investments and at the same time minimize their risks to obtain positive returns. According to the author, the risk of an asset is a significant determinant of the nature of returns. It is worth noting that the standard deviation of the stock is usually the measure of risks. The author cites that risks are inevitable irrespective of the nature of diversification. The argument of the author portrays that he partly agrees with the theory. Chapter nine expounds on the theory by explaining ideas highlighted in chapter eight. The outstanding addition to the previous chapter’s ideas is introduction of the beta factor. The author introduces the factor while explaining the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). On the basis of the model, the author argues that investors should avoid diversifiable risks because they do not have premiums. The author also argues that an investor should attain more returns by investing in high-risk assets. However, the risk should be systematic. The premium aspect leads to the introduction of the beta factor. The author explains that the beta factor explains how a stock behaves in the stock market. Specifically, it measures volatility of an asset as compared to the whole market. On the one hand, theoretical application indicates that the price of a stock with a higher beta value will rise at a higher rate than other stocks in case of a bull period. On the other hand, its price will decrease at a higher rate in case of a bear market. However, after introducing the beta concept, the author takes an unprecedented stand by claiming that beta is not a sufficient measure of the relationship between the risk and returns. Chapter ten introduces the concept of behavioral finance. The concept entails application of human cognitive and emotional concepts in making investment decisions. The author argues that behavioral traits such as being overconfident and overreacting often have an influence on investors’ decisions. After explaining the concept, the author concludes that most choices based on personal biases do not reap intended rewards in the long run. Malkiel argues that the common sense aspect of personal biases has a chance of providing a logical judgment on investments that may prove fruitful. Some of the common sense ideas include inner motivation of investors to resist investing in pricey assets in the long run and the desire to avoid overtrading. Another possible aspect of common sense is that an investor should only get rid of stocks that portray a trend of losing value. Chapter eleven entails the author providing a summary of his opinions given in previous chapters. Some of the assertions include that the market is fairly efficient and in most instances corrects discrepancies when they occur. The main attraction point is the author’s use of Benjamin Graham’s argument that investors should always invest in the long-term value stocks. The author does not seem to endorse the Graham’s argument and he goes to the extent of justifying his position. He asserts that in the long run the trends of growth and value stocks do not run parallel to market trends. However, he partly endorses the Graham’s argument by stating that value stocks often tend to perform better during extremities such as bubble and economic depression. After reading the part, I gained more information on the importance of beta. However, after the author providing a lot of information about its importance in determining the risk of an investment, it was surprising for the author to disagree with the beta factor. The author argues that particular differences in the stocks make beta more ineffective. Despite the surprise, I appreciated his insight because it provided a platform for me to read more about the relationship between beta and risk and returns. On the concept of behavioral finance, I have come across real applications of the author’s argument that personal biases affect individual investment decisions. The inner thought that there is an opportunity to make money can urge an individual to make rash decisions. Moreover, the thought of a possible loss can influence similar decisions. The significance of personal biases in investing has led to the creation of various notions in the modern investment world. Some investors have the tendency to disregard the efficient market hypothesis and endorse unproven beliefs. An example is the January effect when people tended to think that stocks perform well in January. Despite their unproven status, beliefs may make an investor invest heavily during the month. In effect, such an investor may end up experiencing losses. Part Four: A Practical Guide for Random Walkers and Other Investors This part aims at giving the reader an insight into the practical side of investing. The part also offers advice to investors by affording them strategies that they can use to choose their investment portfolio. Chapter twelve offers investors advice on how to start an investment venture. The author encourages stock investors to ensure that they have emergency funds available in case their investment decisions lead to losses. Moreover, the author argues that investors should consider investing in â€Å"insurance† investments such as bonds and real estate investments. He argues that ordinary shares and real estate investments provide a viable option for investment. He concludes with the assertion that prior research is vital for investors in coming up with the best portfolio. Chapter thirteen mainly deals with the author’s opinion on the better choice between stocks and bonds. The author argues that an investor should not entirely rely on the past performance of a stock to predict its future performance. However, he states that the past performance partially influences its future value. The author believes that investing in stock in the long run offers more returns than in bonds due to the elimination of risks. Moreover, he asserts that investing in stocks in the long run may provide the needed safety to fight inflation. However, Malkiel insists that the period cannot be shorter than a decade. He states that a shorter period than a decade is too random and investors do not have a choice but to invest in risky stocks. The assertion means that investors who intend to venture into the short-term investments have to choose between risks and adopt the one that they feel comfortable to carry. Chapter fourteen entails the author insisting that investors willing to commit their resources for more than a decade should commit themselves to stocks. He also insists that it would be better for short-term investors to concentrate on a diversified portfolio that include bonds. The author also advises short-term investors to consider retaining some of their resources as cash to cover any case of emergency. The chapter offers guidance on how investors can approach the market. Despite offering the above options, Malkiel encourages investors to venture into long-term investments. He advises investors to consider venturing into long-term stocks as a way of saving a retirement fund. Chapter fifteen is the last one in the section and the entire book. Apart from providing a summary of the book, it goes into the specifics of investing. The author argues that an investor does not have to perform an extremely detailed analysis to make an investment analysis. Instead, the author encourages investors to venture into an index fund. He encourages investors intending to purchase individual stocks to venture for the long term instead of trading them. Moreover, he asserts that investors should concentrate on stocks that have a record of good performance. Concerning managed funds, the author has reservations about them. He asserts that they may not be an advisable option because they may have misleading information. The also advises investors to purchase stocks that create positive stories about their potential to improve their value. After reading the last part of the book, I came to get the picture of intentions of the author. The first intention is to prove that the market efficiency hypothesis offers a realistic guidance in the stock market. The second aim was to reconcile market efficiency and perceptions of the market towards economic bubbles. The last aim of the author was to identify various ways of analyzing the stock market, highlight their weaknesses, and apply lessons from their weaknesses in offering investment advice to investors. The fourth part culminates his aims by combining strengths of different investments theories and techniques and avoiding their weaknesses to come up with a hybrid investment decision-making guideline. In conclusion, investors ought to read the Malkiel’s text. The book is organized in well-thought sections that cover aspects that entail financing progressively. Reading all the parts enriches a reader with information necessary in making appropriate investment decisions. The author came up with investment theories and techniques and highlighted their roles in investments. He aimed at offering the best financial advice. It is undeniable that the author believes in a partly efficient market and he justifies it by giving out real-life historical examples. The book has a lot of lessons for all investors. The main lesson is that an investor should have the courage to make investment decisions instead of relying solely on financial experts. Moreover, investors should apply logic in the decision-making. With the author analyzing crucial investment theories and concepts and then offering their critique, his aim is to communicate that none of them is efficient. For this reason, a hybrid way of the approach that entails picking strengths of the theories and techniques would be the preferable way to approach investments. Personally, I have learned that caution is the key to approaching investments. Moreover, I have learned that over-ambition or moving along with the crowds can be detrimental in some instances. I have also learned that having long-term investments is a preferable way of saving in the long run. The book also teaches that if an investor chooses to invest for a short-term period of fewer than ten years risks are inevitable. For this reason, diversification is the key. Due to the above lessons, investors, whether they believe in the efficiency or the market or not, need to read the book to expand their investment knowledge.